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Aeroshell Aerobatic Team highlights Wings Over the Golden Isles Airshow

The aircraft used to train the top allied pilots during World War II broke through the clouds of generations past over the weekend to perform high above the inaugural Wings Over the Golden Isles Air show.

The four AT-6 Texans of the AeroShell Aerobatic Team demonstrated maneuvers over the airfield of Brunswick-Golden Isles airport on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. As the first airshow on Georgia’s coast in 20 years, the Golden Isles event gave the public a first-class military and civilian aerobatic show.

These planes are not the supersonic aircraft of today, but they were what gave America and Britian the upperhand as World War II, and later Korea, made the need for new, untrained military pilots so important.

Upon take-off, the pilots of AeroShell — Mark Henley, Steve Gustafson, Jimmy Fordham, and Bryan Regan — quickly move into their signature diamond formation to set up for the first routine of their demonstration. It is during this time that friendly but informative chatter fills each pilot’s headset to ensure the team is ready.

As the six red and white single-prop aircraft drop down for a low pass over the runway, aircraft 2, 3, and 4 switch to “smoke-on”. The rising cheer and applause from the crowd of nearly 40,000 seem to help give the aircraft an extra lift as they begin to dart skyward.

“People don’t understand that these airplanes are all veterans of the military — they served their country and trained our pilots to fly,” Steve Gustafson explained as we spoke on the Brunswick flightline on Friday. “The instructor sat in the back seat and the student in the front. They had machine guns and rocketry and you taught them. They left their training in these aircraft and graduated up to the fighters, and then went straight into battle.”

As the smoke trails of the AeroShell planes laid three white verticle contrails in the blue sky, the crowd’s attention stayed focus on the rare sight of four Texans flying in tight formation. Then suddenly, they began to fly inverted and then come down to form a clean loop over the airfield.

“They’re called the pilot maker, and when you got out of these a pilot was ready to go,” Gustafson added. “And, to fly these aircraft takes a little more expertiese than any other aircraft to fly. It’s alot of fun.”

His admiration for the advance trainer continues at an all time high as he just surpassed over 5,000 hours of flight time in his AeroShell plane alone.

For his teammate, Bryan Regan, their job was one of a childhood dream.

“This is the kind of thing I dreamed of as a kid,” Regan said as we stood near his Texan minutes after landing. Regan discussed after earning his pilots license and performing at airshows during the 1990’s, AeroShell hired him in 2009 to replace the team’s founding member, Allen Henley. “It was a fit right from the start, and I have been with AeroShell ever since.”
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Regan is looking forward to a busy 2017 airshow season which will take the AeroShell team to several international show sites, including the southern and central United States. Pausing to look over at his aircraft, a modest grin of appreciation for his job grew.

“I’ve done so much work at training to fly the Texan, and I enjoy doing the work to get good at it,” Regan added. “I’m not going to say I’m the best, but I’m pretty good.”

(Charles A Atkeison reports on aerospace and technology. Follow his updates on social media via @Military_Flight.)

WATCH: This is What Carrier Aviation Looked Like When The Beatles Ruled the Airwaves

Aboard the Indy with CVW-7 Sailing with the Tonkin Gulf Yacht Club

Here’s another gem from days gone by. This film, entitled ‘Ready on Arrival”, is a look at life aboard the aircraft carrier USS Independence (CVA-62) during her May 1965 through December 1965 Western Pacific (WestPac) deployment to the South China Sea off the coast of Vietnam. Shot at the opposite end of the Vietnam War from our recent find highlighting flight ops aboard the Midway during her 1972 WestPac, the film was sponsored by Grumman in cooperation with the Navy and narrated by the voice of 20th century educational films Alexander Scourby (when you hear it you’ll know). There is some footage spliced in from other sources and the narration is just a little bit tedious at times, but for good-quality footage of mid-60s, orange flight suit, American carrier aviation flight deck action, and life while deployed, it’s worth every minute. The film was uploaded to YouTube by AIRBOYD. Enjoy!

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It Takes a Carrier Air Wing

Carrier Air Wing Seven (CVW-7) plays a large part in the film. The Indy and CVW-7 were on their first (and last until 1990) WestPac when the footage was shot. The film features the McDonnell Douglas F-4B Phantom IIs of VF-41 Black Aces (call sign Fast Eagle) and VF-84 Jolly Rogers (call sign Victory), the Grumman A-6A Intruders of VA-75 Sunday Punchers (call sign Flying Ace), and the Douglas A-4E Skyhawks of VA-72 Blue Hawks (call sign Decoy) and VA-86 Sidewinders (call sign Winder).

F 4B Phantoms of VF 84 in flight in 1964

The Rest of the Cast

Also aboard are the North American RA-5C Vigilantes of RVAH-1 Smokin’ Tigers (call sign Comanche Trail), the Grumman E-1B Tracers of VAW-12 Bats Detachment 62, the Douglas A-3B Skywarriors of VAH-4 Fourrunners Detachment 62 (call sign Holly Green), the Douglas EA-1F Skyraiders of VAW-13 Zappers Detachment 1 (call sign Robinson), the Douglas EA-3B Skywarriors of VQ-1 World Watchers Detachment 62 (call sign Deep Sea), the Douglas RA-3B Skywarriors of VAP-61 World Recorders (call sign Quiz Show), and the Kaman UH-2A Seasprites of HC-2 Fleet Angels Detachment 62.

USS Independence, American aircraft carrier.

Youthly Puresome Bagging Those Traps…

Flying with the Sidewinders during this WestPac was none other than Youthly Puresome himself, also known as CDR Jack D. Woodul UNSR (ret). This was Youthly’s first deployment flying A-4E Skyhawks with CVW-7. He recently recalled a particularly hairy mission he flew during this WestPac against the Cao Nung bridge in an exclusive interview he did with me for Avgeekery.com which can be enjoyed right here.

Aircraft preparing to launch from an aircraft carrier.

 

The Crusader: History Making Fighter Set Records Over 32 Years of Service

When You’re Out of F-8s, You’re Out of Fighters!

On 25 March 1955 test pilot John Konrad lifted off for the first time (and went supersonic) in the prototype Vought F8U Crusader. Over the next 32 years in United States service (and an additional 13 years with the French), the “Last of the Gunfighters” would set speed records, shoot down MiGs using guns and missiles in Vietnam, provide critical photographic proof of Soviet missiles in Cuba, take off, fly, and land in one piece with its wings folded (on more than one occasion), control drones, perform an aerial toilet paper wrap job on at least one pesky Russian trawler, and become an almost mythical aircraft universally loved by all who flew it.

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Lofty Goals

In September of 1952, the United States Navy Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer) generated a requirement for a new single-seat, jet-propelled, carrier-based fighter. The new jet was to be capable of Mach 1.2 speeds at 30,000 feet, climb rates of 25,000 feet per minute, landing speeds below 100 miles per hour, and was to be armed with four 20 millimeter cannon.

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A Strong Start

BuAer ordered three Vought XF8U-1 prototypes in June of 1953. After the first prototype flew on the 25 March 1955, Vought’s development of the Crusader went so smoothly that the second prototype and the first production F8U-1 both flew on the same day- 30 September 1955. Carrier qualifications were conducted aboard the USS Forrestal (CVA-59) in April of 1956. Next the Crusader prototypes were evaluated by Air Test and Evaluation Squadron 3 (VX-3) at the Naval Air Weapons Station at China Lake in California.

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Unmatched Performance

On 21 August 1956 a prototype Crusader flown by Navy Commander Robert W. Windsor set a new level flight speed record of 1,015.428 miles per hour. On 6 June 1957, a VX-3 Crusader was launched from the carrier USS Bon Homme Richard (CVA-31) off the west coast. After a flight covering 2,200 miles the aircraft trapped aboard the USS Saratoga (CVA-60) off the east coast. Flight time was a record-breaking three hours and 28 minutes.

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Faster Than a Speeding Astronaut

Marine Corps Major John H. Glenn completed the first supersonic transcontinental flight while flying a photo-reconnaissance F8U-1P on 16 July 1957. Glenn’s record flight, dubbed Project Bullet, took him from Naval Air Station Los Alamitos in California to Floyd Bennett Field just south of Manhattan in New York City in only three hours, 23 minutes, and 8 seconds.

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The “teeth” of the Crusader were the four fuselage-mounted 20 millimeter cannon as per the BuAer requirement. A retractable tray mounting up to 32 unguided Mighty Mouse folding fin aerial rockets (FFARs) was located in the bottom of the fuselage of F8U-1s but was sealed on subsequent variants. Also eventually present were fuselage-mounted pylons capable of mounting two, and later four, AIM-9 Sidewinder heat-seeking air-to-air missiles. Later variants of the Crusader would add two wing-mounted weapons pylons.

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Things That Go Boom

Crusaders were powered by an afterburning Pratt & Whitney J57 turbojet engine. The afterburner had two speeds- off or on. The on setting gave the pilot full afterburner and off…well, you get the idea. Unlike later designs, there were no zones or graduated afterburner power settings. It was all or nothing- and often a barely controlled explosion of thrust (and unwarned bystanders hitting the deck) when the burner was lit off. But when lightly loaded, the Crusader possessed nearly a 1 to 1 thrust to weight ratio.

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Wings of Gold

A unique aspect of the Crusader design was its variable-incidence wing. The wing was basically hinged at the rear attachment point and the leading edge could be hydraulically raised up to 7 degrees. The raised leading edge increased the angle of attack for the wing without reducing forward visibility. The wing was also equipped with maneuvering slats and dog-tooth notches at the wing fold joints. Coupled with the all-moving horizontal tail surfaces, these design innovations enabled the Crusader to maneuver effectively over a wider range of speeds.

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Skyknight: The F3D Had a 6:1 Kill Ratio But It’s Remembered More For Its Nicknames

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Douglas Built This Versatile Airframe to Work and Work it Surely Did

On March 23rd 1948, Douglas test pilot Russell Thaw took off in the prototype XF3D-1 Skyknight for the first time. The first purpose-designed and built jet-powered night fighter, the Skyknight was successful in that role during the Korean War, achieving a 6:1 kill ratio over the North Korean opposition. The Skyknight would go on to a 20 year service life in several roles for the United States Navy and Marine Corps.

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Image via US Navy

One Huge and Heavy “Fighter”

The Skyknight began as Douglas’ design to fill a 1945 Navy Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer) requirement for a jet-powered and radar equipped, carrier-based night fighter. Ed Heinemann and his Douglas team designed the aircraft around the large air intercept radar systems in use at the time with side-by-side seating for the pilot and radar operator. The aircraft’s fuselage was wide and deep with twin underslung engines.

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Image via NACA/NASA

Built to Fulfill a Specific Mission

Douglas interpreted the BuAer requirement for the Skyknight literally. This would be no dogfighter. The Skyknight would function exactly as required by the Navy. With its straight wings and large control surfaces it would be both a stable gun and radar platform, providing radar performance unseen in any previous night fighter design. The somewhat portly jet was quickly dubbed “Willie the Whale.”

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Image via US Navy

Building a Better Skyknight

After the first flight of the prototype, testing continued through 1948. The first production Skyknight flew on February 13th 1950. Jet engines being as evolutionary as they were at the time, the Skyknight saw several changes to its engines, resulting in incremental performance improvements, during its early development which begat two distinct variants: The F3D-1 and the F3D-2 with improved engines. The Westinghouse AN/APQ-35 was the fire control system in both F3D variants. It in turn consisted of three vacuum-tube technology main components- a search radar, a tracking radar, and a tail-warning radar.

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Image via US Navy

They Got Theirs at Night

The initial F3D-1 aircraft were used primarily to train F3D crews and did not see combat in the Korean War. In September of 1952, the Marines began flying 12 of the F3D-2s in Korea. Skyknights shot down a total of six enemy aircraft- the record for any naval aircraft type in the war. When the United States Air Force found they required night fighter escorts for their B-29 Superfortresses flying night bombing raids, the Marine Skyknights of VMF(N)-513 Flying Nightmares filled the role. When in early 1953 their numbers increased to 24 in-theater, the Marine F3D-2s were even more effective as B-29 escorts.

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Image via USMC

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Blue Angels, F-22 Raptor to headline Golden Isles Airshow this weekend

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Coastal Georgia’s first air show in twenty years is poised for take-off over Brunswick this weekend as the Wings Over the Golden Isles hosts the Navy’s Blue Angels, F-22 Raptor, and many more military and civilian aircraft.

The two-day event actually begins with a twilight air show Friday evening featuring the F-22, civilian aircraft, and followed by a concert lineup headlined by the southern rock band .38 Special.

This air show’s star-studded lineup includes the Navy’s own flight demonstration team the Blue Angels, who is expected to draw in an estimated 70,000 attendees. The Blue’s six blue and yellow F/A-18C Hornets will take-off at around 3:00 p.m. each day to begin their flight demonstrations.

The Delta Team will split into a Diamond and two solos minutes later as they perform nearly 30 maneuvers demonstrating the handling characteristics of the Navy’s Hornet aircraft. Stay alert for the solos’ famous sneak pass from behind the crowd.

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The Air Force F-22 Raptor will perform over the Golden Isles as the popular 21st century stealth jet demonstrates many of its military maneuvers at low altitudes. Raptor pilot Major Dan “Rock” Dickinson will put the F-22 through many gravity defying air strike maneuvers, and will later soar wingtip to wingtip with a P-51 Mustang during the hugely popular Heritage Flight.

Golden Isles to welcome top civilian performers

Many top aerobatic performers immediately signed on for this inaugural Golden Isles airshow including pilots Mike Wiskus, Michael Goulian piloting his Extra 330SC; Scott Yoak and his Quicksilver P-51D; and Buck Roetman and his yellow Christen Eagle. On the ground, Bill Braack and his Smoke-n-Thunder Jet Car will scream down the airport’s runway powered by 7,500 pounds of thrust as it races a low flying aircraft.

“All of the Smoke-n-Thunder JetCar Team is excited to be performing at the inaugural Wings Over the Golden Isle Airshow,” exclaimed Bill as we stood near his popular jet car on Monday. “JLC Airshow Management has put together a first class airshow for the Brunswick community and we look forward to performing for the tens of thousands of airshow fans that will be turning out to see the show.”

Speaking with Bill Braack, you can feel his energy as the longtime air show veteran spoke about his performances, “Driving a car that is powered by a 12,000 horsepower turbine engine is the ultimate rush. When I light the afterburner I experience more G’s than an F-18 launching off of an aircraft carrier. It is the ultimate E-ticket ride.”

The jet car pilot then turned toward the flight line with a grin and said, “I can’t wait to race Buck in his high performance Pitts aircraft at this inaugural Golden Isles airshow.”

Originally constructed in 1942 by the U.S. Navy as a base for military blimps, NAS Glynco became Glynco Airport in 1975, and later Brunswick Golden Isles Airport in 2003. Today, the airport features a newly improved 8,000-foot, grooved asphalt runway used by both private, commercial, and military aircraft.

The historic flight of a squadron of World War II aircraft will come to life as Aeroshell Aerobatic Team performs each afternoon over the Brunswick airfield. The six pilots who make up this exciting demonstration team will put their AT-6 Texan through several close formation aerobatics.

“The AeroShell Aerobatic Team flies a routine similar to the modern jet teams, but we do it in World War II propeller driven advance trainers,” lead pilot of Aeroshell Mark Henley said on Monday. “We fly the North American Aviation AT-6 which was built during WWII.”

“Our airplanes are completely stock other than radio equipment and non military paint,” Henley continued as we walked past their six red and white aircraft, each sporting a checker board nose. “Most people watching our performance will notice that we keep it up close. The AT-6 will attain speeds up to 250 mph and it is nimble enough to keep the maneuvers in front of the crowd.”

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Top static aircraft and a Kidz Zone

On the ground, the Navy’s F-35C Lightning II is the fifth generation strike fighter will be on display during the air show. This F-35 is a carrier variant designed for take-off and landing from an aircraft carrier. It’s for that reason the C model has a larger wingspan and can carry more fuel than the Air Force’s A Model or the Marines B model. To witness an F-35 up close is a rare treat for the public.

Other popular static displays include the Air Force’s C-17 Globemaster will be poised among the many popular aircraft on static display. A C-130 Hercules, T-38 Talon, and an F/A-18 Hornet are only a few which will be on hand to offer guests an up close view.

The popular Kid Zone near the static aircraft will allow children a fun way to pass the time during the aerobatic performances. Aircraft themed air slides, jump houses and more will be available all day during both days, air show management confirmed on Friday.

Tickets for the airshow and parking remain available online at WingsOverGoldenIsles.com, and will be sold at the gate on Saturday and Sunday beginning at 8:00 a.m. Gates open at 5:30 p.m. on Friday evening, and 9:00 a.m. on both Saturday and Sunday.

(Charles A Atkeison reports on aerospace and technology. Follow his updates on social media via @Military_Flight.)

WATCH: How Well Do You Know the Blue Angels?

The Blue Angels Have Flown the F/A-18 for More Than 30 years.  What Else Have They Flown?

The Unites States Navy Flight Demonstration Team, otherwise known as the Blue Angels, usually begin their performance season at Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake in California. The Blue Angels have been flying McDonnell Douglas (Boeing) F/A-18 Hornets since the 1987 show season. For 70 years the Blues have been thrilling crowds with their precision aerobatic routines. For thirty of those years the performances have been flown in Hornets. What aircraft did the Blues use before they started flying the F/A-18?ba1

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The Blue Angels turned in their McDonnell Douglas F-4J Phantom IIs at the end of their 1973 show season. For 1974 and through the next 13 years the Blues would fly the ultra-maneuverable McDonnell Douglas A-4F Skyhawk. Weighing about one quarter the weight of an F-4J and with the uprated Pratt & Whitney J53-P408 engines, the A-4F was also considerably less expensive to fly and maintain than the F-4J.

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Official US Navy photograph

The first Blue Angels show performed in the new Skyhawks took place in Omaha Nebraska on May 18th, 1974. The Blues were flying A-4Fs with modifications including inverted fuel system tweaks, pilot restraint systems, strengthened outboard aileron hinge fittings, VHF radios, drogue chutes, built-in folding ladders, smoke systems, and elevator fuel systems.

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Official US Navy photograph

When the Blues Angels were formed by World War II ace Roy Marlin “Butch” Voris in 1946, they first flew the World War II-era Grumman F6F-5 Hellcat. From later in 1946 until 1949 the Blues flew the Grumman F8F-1 Bearcat. Next up was the first jet flown by the Blues, the Grumman F9F-2 / F9F-5 Panther. Beginning in 1954 the team performed in their first swept-wing jet, the Grumman F9F-8 Cougar. Following the Cougar was the team’s first supersonic jet, the Grumman F-11 Tiger. In 1969 the team began flying their first twin-engine jet, the McDonnell-Douglas F-4J Phantom II. Then came the Skyhawk, followed by the Hornet. Now the Blues fly the Boeing F/A-18E and F/A-18F Super Hornet.

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Supporting aircraft flown by the Blues have included the Douglas R4D (C-47) Skytrain, the Curtiss R5C (C-46) Commando, the Douglas R5D (C-54) Skymaster, the Lockheed C-121 Super Constellation. Since 1970 the all-Marine Corps-manned Lockheed C-130 Hercules, affectionately known as Fat Albert, has supported the Blue Angels and also performed a warm-up routine for airshow crowds before the blue jets take center stage. The latest Fat Albert is a C-130J model- and the youngest aircraft on the roster.

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Official US Navy photograph

Other aircraft flown by the Blue Angels have included a North American SNJ (T-6) Texan to simulate opposing enemy aircraft during the 1940s and a Lockheed TV-2 (T-33) Shooting Star used during the 1950s as a VIP transport. Perhaps the least likely of all Blues aircraft were two Vought F7U Cutlasses which were briefly intended to be used as demonstration aircraft while the team was flying F9F-5s.

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Official US Navy photograph

How many different aircraft have you seen the Blue Angels fly? The author has seen them fly Tigers, Phantoms, Skyhawks, and Hornets. Comment on our page and share your experience!

Ride Report: Soaring on the Wings of a Falcon with Air Force Thunderbirds

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Climbing aboard a sleek Air Force fighter jet and launching into the deep blue sky can make one either grin or become ill — for this aerospace journalist punching that sky in an aerobatic jet was an incredible feeling.

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To soar with the U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds was a dream come true as I welcomed the chance to chase the sound barrier and pull nearly 8G’s in a Lockheed Martin-built F-16D Fighting Falcon. The Air Force Air Demonstration Squadron will celebrate their 64th year in 2017, including their 34th year performing with the front-line fighter, the F-16.

The Thunderbirds are known as America’s Ambassadors in Blue and they live up to the title inspiring young men and women across the country to reach for their goals in education and technical training by serving in the Air Force. They perform to support recruitment in the Air Force; to represent the U.S. armed forces to the nations across the globe; and give American citizens a self fulfilled confidence in their military.

 

In his third year with the team, Thunderbird 8 is Major Michael Fisher, a native of Vancouver, Washington. He has logged 432 combat hours in the F-16 and over 2000 hours as a pilot. During the 2014 season, he served as the Thunderbirds’ air show narrator announcing the aerobatic demos as the teams soars over the crowds.

My flight day began at dawn at Dobbins Air Reserve Base located northwest of metro Atlanta. Dobbins is home to the Airmen of the 94th Air Wing division and supports military operations such as aircraft fueling and logistics. On this cool October morning, Dobbins is where my jet stood poised for flight.

The Thunderbirds support staff assisted me as I received a final preflight medical check by the team’s flight surgeon Major Michael “Doc” Carletti, and tried on my flight uniform and partial pressure G-Suit. I’ll be counting on the G-Suit to keep the blood flow in my upper body toward my heart and brain. The team checked my flight helmet for comfort and I was ready to fly.

 

The Thunderbirds fly with the newer F-16C/D which support the lighter Block 52 Pratt and Whitney F-100 engine providing an additional 3,600 pounds of thrust over the previous version. The nearly fifty foot long aircraft has a wingspan of 31 feet across and a thrust of up to 29,100 pounds. The pilots call the F-16 a rocket.

Major Fisher gave me a final briefing on what to expect preflight thru landing. Touch this and do not touch this in the cockpit rules were given and I hurriedly took it all in as he spoke with comfort. This Air Force team was superb as they both educated and relaxed me as launch time neared.

Fisher and I walked out to our aircraft, Thunderbird 8, which was parked next to the six flight demonstration F-16C’s. As I approached the red, white and blue high gloss painted aircraft, I looked up at the opened glass canopy and read Major Fisher’s name identifying his aircraft. A grin then ran across my face as my eyes laid witness to a second name next to Fisher’s below where the canopy closes shut. It read “Charles Atkeison”.tb2

After pausing to reflect on my black stenciled name, Fisher and I greeted the aircraft’s support team with a firm handshake for each, and I then began to climb the ten foot tall blue slender ladder hung from the edge of the jet’s cockpit to ingress my seat. The seat supports a multi-point harness and can be used as an ejection seat if an in flight emergency arises.

Major Fisher ascended the ladder and pointed out my cockpit displays, including my oxygen settings, the safe and arm device for my ejection seat and the fact that this flight included drinkable water in a bottle.

I inserted ear plugs followed by donning my flight helmet which sports the letters “USAF” in white. My oxygen mask was next and I placed it over my nose and mouth and locked it’s strap to my helmet. A long grey hose extended down to the life-support controls on my starboard side.

Fisher’s Air Force pilot call sign is “Drago”, and prior to joining the Thunderbirds he served as an F-16 flight instructor. My flight was in good hands.

Five minutes to go, and I was comfortable in the cockpit breathing at 95% oxygen flow through my mask as we sat poised for flight. It was white knuckle time as I awaited a go from flight control. Air control between Dobbins ARB and Atlanta’s Hartsfield-Jackson Airport gave Drago the “go” for departure and approval for steep ascent. Seconds later, our Fighting Falcon began moving toward take-off velocity.

At 10:27 a.m. EDT, our F-16D was wheels up from Runway 29 and we flew low and level for ten seconds as we neared 400 knots (460 m.p.h.), Drago exclaimed over his headset mic, “Ready to go?”. And I replied, “Rock and roll, Thunderbirds are go!”tb1

Lift-off! Major Fisher and I were pointed nose up, and in a rush with an acceleration of five times earth’s gravity, we were launching into that deep blue sky. I radioed back, “Alllright!”. Straight up we climbed for twelve seconds before performing a 360-degree roll to place us wings level nearly at 7,050 feet above. Our flight was on a northeasterly heading aimed toward our “flight box” over Snowbird MOA, an imaginary region where we would perform intense aerobatics devoid of other aircraft.

As I soared on the wings of a Falcon, I looked around at the earth below me. A cockpit alarm sounded and I turned to focus on the displays as we thundered across northwestern Georgia.

We began our aerobatics with the Clover Loop and right into a 5G-pull. Drago stated that the flight maneuvers we would be performing are the same in which the T-Bird solos fly during an air show. The only difference is the solos will be 150 feet above the airfield while our flight soared between 15,000 to 17,600 feet high.

“Pretty insane, isn’t it… number 5 is doing that 150 to 200 feet above the ground,” Major Fisher exclaimed following an inverted flat pass. “Pretty amazing. Lots of precision, lots of concentration.”

During a Thunderbirds air show, it is the job of the two solos to give the crowds a true demonstration of the handling characteristics of the F-16. Lead Solo is #5 Major Blaine Jones and he is accompanied by #6 Major Jason Curtis, and they will excite an air show crowd every time as they speed low over the runway and perform a split maneuver which will make you wonder how do they do that?

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Lead by Thunderbird 1 “Boss” Lt. Col. Greg Mosely, the team’s diamond formation includes Major Joshua Boudreaux, Major Caroline Jensen and Major Curtis Dougherty. The diamond team trades performances with the solos during their forty minute show.

As Major Fisher and I began a nearly 7G maneuver high over the Smokey Mountains, I could again feel my G-suit inflate several bladders with air to help push the blood back up into my upper torso. And, with every turn and vertical motion we flew, I never felt uneasy and my stomach never twitched.

As we performed one of several inverted maneuvers, Fisher pointed out the beauty of the autumn leaves as he held us upside down 17,500 feet above eastern Tennessee for twenty seconds. During that brief time, I reflected on the landscape and cloud cover from my personal cupola high above.

The negative 1G of wings level inverted flight grew to be my favorite maneuver while we were aloft. The knife edge maneuver gave us the sensation of weightlessness as Drago rolled the F-16 on it’s left side as we flew at a high rate of speed. We next touched the speed of sound as our majestic aircraft darted up to 575 m.p.h.

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The F-16 remains a front line fighter around the globe with Airmen performing bombing runs during a time in need. Drago wanted to show me the handling of the F-16 and so we maneuvered into a simulated bombing run.

“This is something we would do in a close air support scenario over a low air or surface threat environment. We can orbit around a target,” Drago began. “Once we have our eyes on the target, and we are ready, we would begin to roll in on the target and we get clearance to deploy a weapon.” We then executed a 45-degree pass as we simulated the maneuver, “weapons away,” Drago announced.

We concluded the late morning flight with a main gear touchdown upon the same runway at Dobbins exactly 61 minutes after we last touched the earth. Drago then slowly lowered the nose gear and we rolled out several thousand feet as we expended the aircraft’s energy. A perfect ending to an incredible flight.

I learned more about what the hundreds of thousands of men and women of our United States military, and especially the Air Force, do each day. They live and work far away from home to perform a job they are good at as they defend and preserve our freedoms.

The Thunderbirds’ crews from Nellis AFB near Las Vegas and the 94th Air Wing Division near Atlanta are great examples of how our military’s Air Force is a well oiled machine demonstrating professionalism, both on the front lines across the globe and in our own communities with emergency assistance.

(Charles Atkeison reports on aerospace and technology. Follow his live updates on social media via @Military_Flight.)

Don’t be fooled — 10 Reasons Why Circular Runways Are a Bad Idea

A BBC News video on circular runways has been making the rounds lately on social media.  The video has almost 30 million views! The concept of a circular runway is pretty unique.  In order to save space and reduce delays, an airport should consider other designs.  An EU-funded researcher proposes that airports should ditch the concept of runways and instead build one long circular track where multiple aircraft could land simultaneously on different parts of the track. Pilots love innovation, especially in an industry like aviation where the necessity for near absolute safety can sometimes trump progress.

To the uninitiated, the idea makes sense.  The ‘revolutionary’ design supposedly increases traffic flow, distributes noise more fairly, and isn’t that uncomfortable for passengers.  Sounds great, right?

Not really. This idea is as dumb as a football bat. What’s even more disappointing is that the BBC reporter barely knows enough about aviation to challenge this ‘expert’.  A ’news’ story like this one should be downright embarrassing for a major worldwide-news network. Here are 10 reasons why the concept of circular runways are not only impractical, but downright stupid:

1.) Banked Runways mean Higher approach speeds

circular runwaysA banked runway means that an aircraft would have to fly its final approach with a slight bank.  An aircraft’s stall speed increases with any bank.  Therefore every airliner approaching this new type of field would have to fly faster.  This increases landing distances and thus wear and tear on brakes and tires.

2.) That headwind turns into a crosswind and maybe even a tailwind.

A circular runway’s big sell is that you’ll land with a headwind.  However, that also means that the wind’s vector will change on arrival or departure roll (takeoff). That’s not a big deal on a calm spring day but imagine the challenge during a gusty summertime storm. It’s much easier to keep a jet going straight than to try to keep a jet at an exact bank angle (that isn’t straight and level) during gusty winds. Now try making corrections on a landing while trying to make a gentle right turn too. It’s dangerous.crosswindlanding

3.) Poor visibility and winds will equal disaster

Gusty winds and poor visibility would make this ‘innovative’ idea a disaster waiting to happen. As a pilot, I’ve only flown CAT II approaches to minimums. At 100 feet, you have just a split second to determine if the lights you see through fog is a McDonald’s sign or the approach lights on a runway. If it is a runway, you have about 3-5 seconds to sure you line up correctly to a very straight runway. I couldn’t imagine the difficulty of adding a curved runway in that situation. Add in a CAT III style approach (near zero visibility and ceiling) and it would be damn near impossible.  It would be like driving a NASCAR around a track at 150 mph in zero visibility!

4.) Where do you put runway equipment and how do you mark this new runway?

runwaymarkingWith the limited exception of some types of GPS approaches, all precision approaches require ground sensors and stations to provide vertical and lateral guidance. This equipment is expensive and sensitive. It’s expensive enough that you couldn’t put an infinite amount of localizer sensors on a field to create the infinite runways that the innovator describes. Even if you could do it or standardize the signals to place one in one every quadrant, you’d still have planes from other departure quadrants interrupting the line of sight position feedback to arriving jets. That’s a big no-no in aviation where safety is paramount.

Even worse, airports would require completely new runway markings and naming convention for a circular runway. This isn’t a small challenge. You not only have to come up with a new system, you then have to train every pilot on something as basic as runway markings.

5.) Your captain would become a student pilot again

Changes that force pilots to learn new skills in aviation are pretty common. What is unprecedented though is a change that is so fundamental as how to land a plane. This would require massive, massive retraining in procedures, intense expenditures for flight training, and new types of instrumentation inside and outside the cockpit. This change is equivalent to forcing a heart surgeon to use chopsticks and a butter knife to do a heart transplant. Circular runways would challenge every known procedure and (at least temporarily) take aviation experience and safety back to the 1930s.

6.) Land and Hold Short Procedures are Inherently More Risky Than Full Length Runways

One circular runway would require multiple airplanes to be on the same runway at the same time. With the exception of military aircraft, the closest civilian procedure that we have today is called LAHSO. This means that aircraft are arriving and departing on intersecting runways. While LAHSO procedures are fairly common, each LAHSO means that a pilot accepts and increased risk that an aircraft will land and continue beyond a hold short point.

7.) Engine scrapes will be much more common

Most airliners these days have wing mounted engines. On a 737, a bank angle of greater than 15 degrees could result in a nacelle strike. That is on a flat runway. A banked, circular runway means that the outward facing wing will have even less margin before a strike during a sudden wind shift. Strikes can damage engines. A severe strike could sheer off the engine and threaten controlled flight.

8.) Ice and rain make landings more difficult…Turning on an icy runway? Not going to turn out well.

Have you ever driven on a slippery or icy highway? Planes are basically big tri-cycles on the ground. At takeoff, planes can speed up to 170mph. It’s much safer to go those speeds while moving in a straight line. Large airliners have been known to slip onto the grass at taxi speeds while turning during poor weather. A gradual turn on a degraded runway surface at approach or takeoff speeds could be very dangerous.

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Delta 1086 (Photo by Leonard J. DeFrancisci)

9.) A rejected takeoff would now be even more dangerous

If an aircraft loses an engine on takeoff, the pilot makes a split second decision to continue the takeoff or stop and apply max braking. Max braking means that the pilot uses his/her toes to apply maximum pressure to stop the jet going straight ahead. With a circular runway, max braking would either be prohibitive due to the need to directionally steer (using differential braking and rudder pedals) or the crew would have to accept that they would stop straight ahead and they are likely to depart the runway. Either way, it’s bad news for the plane and its passengers.  If you add in a loss of hydraulic pressure (required for most large aircraft steering systems), you’ll definitely go off the edge of a circular runway.

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10.) Sheared landing gear

Turning at high speeds creates shearing forces on the landing gear. Damage is more likely to happen when landing (on a flat runway) in crosswind conditions. The loading forces when landing on a banked runway in a crosswind are much higher.  Gear aren’t nearly as strong in a side-load.

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Bottom line?  If circular runways become a reality then I’m taking a bus or a boat.

The Distinctive C-5A’s Whine Will Cease This Year…Forever

And then there were four…

On March 16th, 2017, a C-5A came to life for the last time. Tail number 70-0456 took off from Westover Air Reserve Base.  Its destination was Davis Monthan Air Force Base’s AMARC…aka “The Boneyard”.

The C-5A first flew in 1969. While it holds the title as the largest airlifter ever in the US Air Force’s fleet, its lack of reliability has hurt its reputation through the years. The program suffered a number of issues from cost overruns to cracks to difficult maintenance requirements.  The jet earned the unofficial nickname FRED

Eventually the decision was made to mothball half the fleet and upgrade the remaining aircraft to the M-series more commonly known as the “Super Galaxy”.  The C-5M has ‘new’ CF-6 engines along with a number of system improvements meant to reduce maintenance requirements. A total of 56 C-5M’s will continue in service while all of the remaining ‘classic’ C-5s will be retired.

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U.S. Air Force photos by MSgt Andrew Biscoe
Today there are just four remaining C-5A Galaxy aircraft.  They all reside at Westover ARB.  Three more are scheduled to be retired by October of 2017.  The other C-5A will be flown to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base to be put on display at the US Air Force Museum.

Video of tail number 70-0456’s arrival at David Monthan AFB can be seen below:

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Skyraiders Were Rough, Tough Birds…Just Like The Heroic Pilots Who Flew Them

This Douglas Workhorse Threw Everything AND the Kitchen Sink at Our Enemies

On March 18th 1945 the Douglas XBT2D-1 Dauntless II took to the skies from Mines Field in Los Angeles for the first time. This was the prototype AD-1, then later the A-1, Skyraider. The result of a shift in Navy Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer) thinking that occurred early in 1943, the XBT2D-1 designator reflected a combined bomber/torpedo (BT) aircraft that would replace the existing and planned dive bombing (SBD / SB2C) and torpedo bombing (TBF / TBM) aircraft. This would allow carrier air wing compositions to shift toward more fighter aircraft per carrier. The AD-1 and later the Skyraiders would be a refinement of this initial prototype.

Conceived Overnight

Douglas had earlier landed a contract to build the BTD-1, but their renowned designer Ed Heinemann didn’t believe the BTD-1 would be anything more than a temporary solution to the Navy’s requirements. After some deliberation, Heinemann and Douglas requested that BuAer cancel the BTD-1 entirely and allocate the funds to a new design that would be ready in a month. BuAer gave him until the next morning.

The Winning Design Concept

The design presented to BuAer at 0900 the next day was completely different from the BTD-1. Powered by the Wright R-3350 Duplex Cyclone engine, the drawings (actually begun a few weeks earlier) were of a low-wing taildragger with straight tapered wings under which ordnance could be carried on a total of 15 stations. Featuring a bubble canopy, large board-type dive brakes, and wing-mounted 20 millimeter cannons, the BTD-2 won BuAer over.

Another Douglas Stalwart

Given only nine months to complete the design and build 25 pre-production BT2D-1 Dauntless IIs, Douglas came through and when the prototype XBT2D-1 flew flawlessly nine months later. Other designs in competition with the Dauntless II did not compare favorably with the big slab-sided but sweet-handling machine from El Segundo- so much so that Douglas was awarded with a contract to build 548 of them.

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Too Good to Abandon After the War Ended

When World War II ended the BT2D-1 contract was cut back to 277 airframes. Ironically it was thought that the Dauntless II would quickly be rendered obsolete by the jet-powered aircraft now in the pipeline. Next for the Dauntless II was evaluation at the Naval Air Test Center (NATC). When BuAer changed designations from BT to A (for attack), the BT2D-1 Dauntless II became the AD-1 Skyraider.

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The First Specialized Skyraider

Carrier suitability trials were conducted during late 1946 by VA-19A out of Naval Air Station (NAS) Alameda on San Francisco Bay. By the end of 1946 BuAer declared the Skyraider operational. Quickly thereafter BuAer wanted AD-1s configured for specialized duties. When the final 35 airframes of the first AD-1 order were completed as AD-1Q electronic countermeasures aircraft, so began the development of one of the most versatile aircraft ever designed. Between production start in 1945 and completion of the last AD-7 on February 18th 1957, 3180 Skyraiders were built in seven basic versions and 28 variations of them.

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Praised for Its Toughness

The true test of any aircraft is how the people who fly and maintain it feel about it. They took to calling the Skyraider “Able Dog.” More than just the phonetic alphabet for A and D, it was a tribute to the type’s ease of operation, low maintenance requirements, and toughness, Skyraider people loved their steeds. The sight of one of the several examples still flying in civilian hands today warms the heart of anyone associated with it.

AD 6 and AD 5W Skyraider in flight

Adapted to Do Whatever Needed Doing

Development over the course of the Skyraider’s 12 years in production reflected improvements in engine technology and horsepower, electronics, and armaments. Douglas adapted the basic AD airframe to get many jobs done. Examples of these adaptations include airborne early warning (AEW), electronic countermeasures (ECM), night attack, radar countermeasures, nuclear attack, anti-submarine warfare, and target tug. As fleet requirements grew and varied, so did the list of Skyraider adaptations.

AD 5 utility plane NAS Barbers Point

For More of the Skyraider Story Bang NEXT PAGE Below

Talon: The World’s First Supersonic Jet Trainer Has Aged Gracefully

Northrop’s T-38 Has Trained Thousands of Pilots Around the World- and Still Does

On March 17th 1959, the first T-38 Talon trainer was placed in service with the United States Air Force. Updated and improved over its lifetime, now in continuous service for more than 50 years, the Talon has trained several generations of jet pilots. The T-38 was the world’s first and most-produced supersonic jet trainer.

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Image via USAF

Playing Smallball

The Talon actually began as a delta-winged fighter to be powered by the massive General Electric J79 engine. Realizing that any J79-powered fighter would be both large and costly, Northrop went in a different direction. In 1953, Northrop designed a small lightweight fighter with area-ruled fuselage, conventional wings, and powered by two of the new, and much smaller and lighter, GE J85 engines. Northrop designated this design N-156.

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Image via USAF

Advanced Trainer Par Excellence

When the United States Air Force issued a General Operating Requirement (GOR) for a supersonic advanced trainer in the mid-1950s to replace their Lockheed T-33s, Northrop adapted their N-156 lightweight fighter design for the competition. Northrop won the competition in July of 1956 and received an order for three prototypes. The first of them (designated YT-38) flew for the first time on March 10th 1959.

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Image via Northrop

From Tweet to Talon

The new T-38 went into production quickly and the first aircraft were delivered to the Air Force in 1961. Entering operational service on March 17th 1961, the T-38 would provide advanced training to pilots having already mastered the Cessna T-37 Tweet primary jet trainer.

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Image via USAF

The World’s Fighter

The fighter version of the original Northrop N-156 lightweight fighter design was produced as the F-5A Freedom Fighter. Operated by the United States Air Force but also by 35 foreign countries, single-seat F-5 variants still operate for many countries.

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Image via US Navy

Talon Cousins

The two-seat F-5B and F-5F Tiger IIs, both also developed from the same original Northrop N-156 design, look very similar to the T-38. However, the F-5 variants sport distinctive leading edge extensions at the wing roots. T-38 wing roots lack the leading edge extensions. The F-5s also have missile launch rails mounted on the wing tips.

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T-38 Talons. Image via USAF

Keeping Talons Sharp

The majority of T-38s built are the T-38A variant. The Air Force has also operated AT-38Bs modified to make them capable of weapons delivery as weapons trainers. Beginning in 2001 the majority of T-38s used by the Air Force received avionics upgrades that include a head-up display (HUD), GPS, “glass” cockpit instrumentation, and other modern “black boxes.” These updated Talons carry the T-38C designation.

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T-38 with B-2. Image via USAF

For More Talon Tales Bang NEXT PAGE Below

Hilarious Spoof Highlights How Much Pilots Hate Clearance Readback Interrupters

If you’re a pilot, you’ve been there.  You’ll be at an airport like JFK (or even worse some Navy field with an NDB departure) and it’s time to pick up your clearance.

On a scratchy radio, Clearance Delivery reads off your ridiculous re-route.  About halfway through, the other pilot or a flight attendant, or a loadmaster, or a sheep herder (yes, it’s really happened to me) decides to interrupt.  You are left there stammering and stuttering through the rest of the read back.  It’s not gonna go well no matter how much you try and salvage it!

This awesome viral video was made in the cockpit of a Charleston C-17 splicing together clips from another famous interruption. That clip of a BBC interview with a South Korean expert, Dr. Kelly, who was interrupted by his two children went viral worldwide.

Video below was originally posted on YouTube by John Millman and Emily B.  They also have a couple of popular Instagram accounts highlighting their journeys in the C-17.  You can follow them at @theglobemaster and @_thetravelingblonde.

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