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$10.6M Austin Airport art request frustrates residents ahead of council vote

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Austin-Bergstrom International Airport (AUS) has long been a hub for both aviation and culture, showcasing a blend of local and international art since 1999. 

The airport’s current expansion, part of the broader Airport Expansion & Development Program, aims to elevate the passenger experience with new facilities, including a new Concourse and Arrivals and Departures Hall. The main component of this project involves the commissioning of $10.6 million in art contracts to enhance the aesthetic and cultural appeal of the expanded spaces. However, the selection process for these art installations has sparked significant debate among Austin’s local community, aviation stakeholders, and city officials.

The controversy centers on the allocation of these contracts, with many arguing that the focus on out-of-town artists overlooks Austin’s vibrant local art scene. Jen Robichaux, a vocal advocate on X, has been rallying the public to voice their concerns ahead of the Austin City Council meeting on Thursday, 5 June, where the contracts are set to be voted on. 

“NOW is the time to voice your position on this issue!” Robichaux posted on 3 June, providing a detailed guide for residents to formally oppose specific contracts through the city’s website.

The Pause That Shifted the Narrative

Art at the Austin Airport
Austin Downtown Cruiser by artist Young-Min Kang, part of the Art In Public Places (AIPP) Collection at Austin Airport (AUS) | IMAGE: austintexas.gov

In March 2025, the city paused three significant art contracts worth over $10 million after concerns arose about the lack of local artist representation. According to the Austin Monitor, the decision came after Mayor Kirk Watson and other city officials expressed unease over the selection process.

Watson emphasized the importance of reflecting Austin’s creative identity, stating, “Any artwork that we place in the airport should highlight the importance of our local artists and highlight Austin’s creative, cultural community.” 

The pause allowed for a 30-day review period to revise the selection process. A renewed focus was placed on incorporating more Texas—and Austin-based artists in future phases.

Not only the cost: Austin airport selected controversial artists

The pause was a welcome move for opponents and signaled the city’s willingness to address community concerns. However, as this week’s vote approaches, the debate has reignited.

Of the 10 agenda items up for approval, several involve artists from outside Texas, including Jim Campbell of White Light Inc., based in San Francisco, whose proposed $2.4 million contract has drawn particular scrutiny. Robichaux highlighted this in an earlier post, urging Austinites not to send “$2,400,000 of our hard-earned dollars to California residents.” 

Adding to the tension, Chicago-based artist Yvette Mayorga, another out-of-town artist under consideration, has stirred debate with her provocative work. Mayorga’s art features explicit text like “F**K ICE” and “ILLEGAL,” soldier-covered monuments critiquing America, and historical references that replace figures like George Washington with asylum seekers. She describes her work as portraying “an American Dream gone wrong,” using deliberately childish techniques to suggest America itself is an illusion. 

Her $2.4 million contract has prompted questions about whether such politically charged art aligns with AUS’s goals. Some have asked if this is the best use of funds for an airport expansion and whether anti-American political activism resonates with Austin’s identity.

Voices from the Community: A Call for Local Representation

Artwork in Austin
IMAGE: Photo by Florence Jones on Unsplash

The sentiment on X reflects simmering frustration among Austin residents and the aviation community. Many questions are swirling as to why the $10.6M isn’t funding local artists and small businesses that make Austin unique. 

Users question why millions of dollars are being paid to out-of-state artists when Austin is bursting with talent. 

These voices highlight a key tension: the balance between showcasing global talent and supporting the local economy. AUS has a history of integrating both, with 12 of its 18 permanent AIPP-commissioned artworks created by Austin-based artists, according to an Economic Development Department spokesperson. 

The airport also features rotating galleries for local exhibitions, a practice that has been praised for “keeping it local” since 1999, as noted on the AustinTexas.gov website. However, the scale and visibility of the new expansion project have amplified calls for prioritizing Austin’s creative community, especially as AUS continues to grow. 

Business Implications for the Aviation Industry

Austin Airport
Austin-Bergstrom International Airport (AUS) at night | IMAGE: Austin Airport on Facebook

For the aviation community, this debate offers valuable lessons on stakeholder engagement. The airport expansion is a major capital improvement project, and the art contracts, funded through a city statute that allocates 2% of eligible project budgets to public art, are a significant investment.

While local taxpayer money is not directly funding these contracts, the perception of economic fairness matters. Council Member Leslie Pool highlighted this in an Austin Monitor report, noting that supporting local artists aligns with the city’s broader economic development goals.

Travelers and airport operators may also consider the passenger experience. Art installations can enhance an airport’s aesthetic appeal, creating a memorable first impression for travelers. However, if the art fails to resonate culturally with the local community, it risks alienating the most important stakeholder group—residents whose support is crucial for future airport initiatives. 

Airports worldwide face the challenge of balancing global appeal with local identity, and AUS’s experience could serve as a case study for others.

What’s Next: Making Voices Heard

Austin Airport welcome sign
IMAGE: Austin Airport on Facebook

With the Austin City Council meeting scheduled for 5 June—just one day after this writing—the outcome remains uncertain. Jen Robichaux’s detailed guide on X provides a step-by-step process for people to engage with the process.

From accessing the meeting agenda to submitting formal opposition via the city’s website, the guide empowers individuals to influence the decision. Robichaux encourages participation without requiring public speaking, offering options to either speak remotely or simply log opposition.

The aviation community has a unique opportunity to weigh in on how AUS, a growing hub, represents itself through art. Whether you’re an airport executive, a frequent flyer, or a local stakeholder, your perspective can shape the future of this project.

As Robichaux urged, “Let’s make our voices heard, Austin!”

Austin art decision in the midst of airport expansion

Austin-Bergstrom International Airport (AUS) is undergoing a transformative expansion under the “Journey With AUS” program, aiming to address surging passenger demand and modernize its infrastructure.

The multi-year plan includes an upgraded arrival and departure hall, new drop off and pickup facilities, an additional parking garage and 4 more gates to the existing terminal.  

By 2030, plans include the addition of a 20 gate concourse connected to the existing Barbara Jordan terminal.

This Reality-Defying Mixed Reality Simulator Will Change Pilot Training Forever

Imagine stepping into a cockpit where the line between reality and simulation blurs so seamlessly that you can’t tell where the physical controls end and the virtual world begins.

That’s exactly what’s happening with the NOVASIM MR DA42, the world’s first mixed reality (MR) Flight Simulation Training Device (FSTD) to earn qualification from the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA).

More than just another simulator, it’s a leap forward for civil aviation training, and some seriously impressive tech powers it. We had a chance to dig into the details of this milestone, and it’s clear this is more than just a shiny new toy for pilots. It’s a glimpse into the future of how we train the next generation of aviators.

The World’s First Mixed Reality Simulator Approved for Civil Aviation Use

Varjo's technology powers the world's first mixed reality simulator approved for civil aviation
IMAGE: Varjo

The NOVASIM MR DA42 is a product of Swiss simulation experts BRUNNER Elektronik AG. It is the first MR-based simulator to meet EASA’s rigorous standards for a Flight and Navigation Procedures Trainer II (FNPT II).

That’s a big deal.

For the first time, pilots training in this mixed reality environment can log hours that count toward their official certification in Europe.

This technology isn’t a proof-of-concept or a prototype. It is a fully qualified system set to be deployed by Lufthansa Aviation Training to replicate the Diamond DA42 cockpit haptically. The DA42 is a global workhorse in general aviation, particularly for training purposes. 

The Varjo mixed reality simulator mimics the cockpit of a Diamond DA42
A Diamond DA42 in flight | IMAGE: Diamond Aircraft Industries

The brain of the technology is the Varjo XR-4 Focal Edition headset, a piece of equipment that delivers visuals so crisp they rival human-eye resolution. Its ultra-high-resolution displays and wide field of view make cockpit instruments and external references crystal clear, critical for tasks like landing or navigating complex airspace. The gaze-driven autofocus adjusts dynamically based on where the pilot is looking, mimicking natural depth perception. Whether you’re glancing at the altimeter or scanning the horizon, the visuals stay sharp and intuitive.

The system integrates perfectly with industry-standard platforms like Unity, Unreal Engine, and Prepar3D, so training providers don’t need to overhaul their existing setups to adopt it. BRUNNER’s compact motion system and FlightSafety’s VITAL 1150 image generator round out the package, delivering realistic aerodynamics and environmental cues. It’s a cohesive setup that doesn’t cut corners, meeting EASA’s stringent requirements for everything from flight deck accuracy to control feedback.

The EASA qualification under special conditions is a remarkable milestone. It shows how far mixed reality has come and proves it can meet the demanding standards required for professional pilot training.

Why Mixed Reality Matters

Simulator approach in foggy conditions
IMAGE: Varjo

Traditional simulators have served aviation well, but they’re not without their flaws. They’re big, expensive, and often limited in how quickly instructors can switch between scenarios.

The NOVASIM MR DA42 flips that script.

By blending physical cockpit controls with a photorealistic virtual environment, an almost unbelievably realistic, immersive experience resembling real-world scenarios is created.

Pilots can manipulate actual switches, dials, and levers while surrounded by a 360-degree virtual world that responds in real time. Need to practice a tricky approach in low visibility? The system can simulate it instantly; no bulky hardware reconfiguration is required.

What really sets this setup apart is the Varjo XR-4’s eye-tracking capability. Instructors can monitor exactly where a pilot is looking in real time, whether their scan is disciplined or they’re overlooking key instruments. That level of visibility transforms training.

It’s no longer just about time in the seat; it’s about meaningful insights that accelerate skill development. With detailed data and pinpoint feedback, instructors can target deficiencies faster and more effectively than ever before.

A Mixed Reality Simulator that Solves Real-World Problems

An instructor for the new Varjo mixed reality simulator
IMAGE: Varjo

The aviation industry is grappling with a global pilot shortage, and training programs are under pressure to produce more qualified pilots faster without compromising safety.

The NOVASIM MR DA42 is built for this reality.

It’s compact, requires far less space than a traditional full-motion simulator, and is more cost-effective to operate and maintain. That’s a massive win for training organizations, airlines, or flight schools working with tight budgets or limited facilities. Additionally, its portability means it can be deployed almost anywhere, making high-quality training more accessible.

But it’s not just about logistics. The simulator’s design aligns with competence-based training frameworks, prioritizing skills and decision-making over rote hours. Pilots can run through complete sessions—preflight checks, taxiing, takeoff, landing—all in an environment that strengthens muscle memory and situational awareness. The video passthrough feature lets them interact with physical charts or electronic flight bags just as they would in a real aircraft, bridging the gap between simulation and reality.

A Collaborative Triumph

Rico Baebler nightview
IMAGE: Varjo

This milestone didn’t happen in a vacuum. BRUNNER, Varjo, Lufthansa Aviation Training, and the Swiss Federal Office of Civil Aviation (FOCA) worked closely to make it a reality. Lufthansa’s involvement from the ground up ensured the simulator was built with real-world training needs in mind. 

“We have supported this pioneering project from the very beginning with conviction,” said Manuel Meier, CEO of Lufthansa Aviation Training. “As a leading provider of crew training in Europe, we consistently drive innovation in cabin and cockpit training, and this milestone supports that mission.”

Roger Klingler, BRUNNER’s CEO, echoed that sentiment: “With the NOVASIM MR DA42, we’ve combined precision Swiss engineering with breakthrough XR technology to deliver a simulator that meets demanding regulatory standards while providing unmatched realism and flexibility in pilot training.”

Meanwhile, Varjo’s Global Head of Defense & Aerospace, Tristan Cotter, sees this as a turning point for the industry.

Mixed reality is no longer a forward-looking concept. [It’s] ready to meet the operational demands of the industry today.

Tristan Cotter, Global Head of Defense & Aerospace at Varjo

“This is a milestone…for the future of pilot training in civil aviation,” Cotter said.” With this certification, mixed reality is no longer a forward-looking concept; it’s a verified, scalable, and cost-effective solution ready to meet the operational demands of the industry today.”

The NOVASIM MR DA42 Simulator is Just the Beginning of What’s to Come

The NOVASIM MR DA42 mixed reality simulator
The NOVASIM MR DA42 mixed reality simulator is designed to mimic the cockpit of a Diamond DA42 | IMAGE: Varjo/Brunner

The EASA qualification of the NOVASIM MR DA42 is indeed a watershed moment, but it’s just the beginning. With regulatory bodies like EASA and the FAA starting to embrace XR-based training, we’re likely to see more approvals in the coming years.

Aircraft like helicopters, eVTOLs, and basic trainers are prime candidates for this tech, and the momentum is building. Loft Dynamics, for example, has already secured EASA and FAA certifications for VR-based helicopter simulators using Varjo headsets, and more projects are in the pipeline.

The benefits are hard to ignore: lower costs, smaller footprints, and more engaging and effective training. As the industry faces growing demands for pilots, mixed reality simulators like the NOVASIM MR DA42 could be key to closing the gap. They’re not replacing traditional simulators entirely, but they’re proving to be a powerful complement—one that’s flexible, scalable, and ready for the challenges of modern aviation.

That sounds like a win-win to us. 

Innovation + Practicality = Unlimited Possibilities

The world's first mixed reality simulator in use
IMAGE: Varjo

Flying has always been about precision, skill, and adaptability, and the NOVASIM MR DA42 brings those same qualities to pilot training. 

Like so many technological triumphs, mixed reality is so much more than a tool. It is a vision of what’s possible when innovation meets practicality. For aviators, this is an exciting time. 

Mixed reality isn’t just knocking on the door. 

It’s already in the cockpit, and it’s here to stay.

A Tribute to Flight Attendant Bette Nash’s Extraordinary 67-Year Journey in the Skies

Every year, International Flight Attendants Day (31 May) gives us a chance to honor the unsung heroes of the skies—those who make every journey safer, warmer, and more memorable.

This year, we highlight a true aviation legend, Mary Elizabeth “Bette” Nash, the world’s longest-serving flight attendant.

With a career spanning an incredible 67 years, Bette’s story is one of resilience, grace, and an unwavering commitment to service. She passed away just over a year ago, on 17 May 2024, but her legacy continues to inspire us all. Although it is impossible for us to condense Bette’s incredible career into one story, we will do our best to honor this remarkable woman and pay tribute to her story.

A Dream Takes Flight

Flight attendant Bette Nash poses in front of an Eastern Air Lines Convair 440
Flight attendant Bette Nash poses in front of an Eastern Air Lines Convair 440 in 1958 | IMAGE: American Airlines

Mary Elizabeth “Bette” Burke-Nash was born on 31 December 1935 in Pleasantville, New Jersey, where she grew up with two younger sisters in a close-knit family. Her early life was grounded in faith, as she was a devoted Catholic. Her faith would become a thread that would weave through her entire life. Bette began working as a legal secretary after studying business at Sacred Heart College in North Carolina.

But her heart was elsewhere. 

In 1952, she took her first flight with her mother on TWA from New Jersey to Dayton, Ohio, with an intermediate stop at Washington National (DCA). 16-year-old Bette watched the flight crews at the terminal in DCA, “their heads high and uniforms perfectly pressed,” as she later told the New York Times.

It was at that moment that she realized her calling. This moment planted the seed for a career that would go on to span nearly seven decades.

While working as a secretary, she was also studying to become a flight attendant. When she received a call for an interview with Eastern Air Lines in 1957, Bette borrowed her sister’s dress and took a bus from Atlantic City to the carrier’s headquarters at Rockefeller Center in Manhattan. 

She got the job. 

In 1957, at the age of 21, Bette was hired by Eastern Air Lines and would be based in Miami. The world was a different place then—Dwight Eisenhower was president, Sputnik I launched into orbit, and Elvis Presley’s Jailhouse Rock topped the charts. Gunsmoke ruled the airwaves, milk cost $1 a gallon, and gas was just 24 cents.

Flying was a luxurious affair, and Bette was about to become a part of its golden age.

The Glamorous Early Years and the “Nash Dash” 

Flight attendant Bette Nash prepares for her shift
Flight attendant Bette Nash preparing for a flight | IMAGE: American Airlines

Bette’s aviation career began on 4 November 1957 when she began training with Eastern Air Lines. 

She attended Eastern’s “Charm School,” a rigorous training program that taught etiquette, proper dress, safety, and flight procedures. By 1958, she was a stewardess aboard the 44-seat Convair 440. 

Her first flight was from Atlanta (ATL) to Miami (MIA). 

Flight attendant Bette Nash first worked aboard the Convair 440
When flight attendant Bette Nash began working at Eastern Air Lines in 1958, she worked aboard 44-seat Convair 440s | IMAGE: American Airlines
Flight attendant Bette Nash poses with the crew on the steps of a Convair 440
Flight attendant Bette Nash (center) poses with the crew on the steps of an Eastern Air Lines Convair 440 | IMAGE: American Airlines
Bette Nash and other flight attendants at their graduation from Eastern training
Bette Nash and other flight attendants at their graduation from Eastern training | IMAGE: American Airlines

The logbook she began that day would stay in pristine condition for the rest of her life. This is just one of many examples of how much she loved and was dedicated to this job. 

Back then, flying was an event. Passengers dressed in their finest, and Bette’s duties included serving lobster and champagne, carving roast beef, and cutting perfectly sliced pieces of cake in front of passengers. After dinner, it was time to pass out cigarettes. When Bette recalled those early days, she said she would hand out free cigarettes–Marlboros and Winstons–with matches to boot. 

Her uniform was a royal blue ensemble with white gloves, heels, and a pillbox hat, a far cry from today’s practical attire.

Flight attendant Bette Nash wearing an early Eastern Air Lines uniform
Flight attendant Bette Nash wears an early Eastern Air Lines uniform, which included white gloves, a pill box hat, and heels | IMAGE: American Airlines

At a 2017 event at DCA honoring Bette’s 60th year of service, she chuckled as she recalled the changes in high-flying fashion over the years.

“In the old days, we saw a lot of mink coats,” she said. “Today, we see a lot of flip-flops.”

“In the old days, we saw a lot of mink coats. Today, we see a lot of flip-flops.”

Bette Nash

She says one-way tickets when she began at Eastern were $12.

Bette worked in an era when chalkboards displayed flight schedules, rewritten by hand every morning and afternoon. The digital revolution was still decades away.

In 1961, Bette transferred her base to DCA and began working the Eastern Air Lines Shuttle route linking DCA, New York LaGuardia (LGA), and Boston Logan (BOS). This route would become her home for decades, earning the nickname “The Nash Dash” because of her constant presence. 

She chose this route for a deeply personal reason: to return home each day to care for her son, Christian, who has Down syndrome. Bette was his sole caretaker for 49 years, a role she embraced with the same devotion she brought to her passengers, many of whom got to know her over the years on the shuttle routes. 

Flight attendant Bette Nash and her son Christian
Flight attendant Bette Nash and her son Christian. Bette chose to work the Eastern Shuttle linking DCA-LGA-BOS so she could be home every night to take care of her son | IMAGE: Bette Nash via CNN

A Life of Service and Sacrifice 

Flight attendant Bette Nash and her crew
Bette and her crew preparing to work an Eastern Air Lines Convair 440 flight in the early 1960s | IMAGE: American Airlines

Bette’s life wasn’t without its challenges. In 1973, she married James Nash, and they welcomed their son, Christian, shortly thereafter. But her marriage was far from easy, enduring 31 years of abuse before finding the strength to move forward. A black belt in martial arts, Bette’s resilience wasn’t just physical; it was deeply spiritual. Her faith as a committed Catholic gave her the fortitude to face life’s storms, both at home and in the skies. 

Her career saw her through remarkable changes in the airline industry. In 1989, Eastern sold its Shuttle landing rights and 17 Boeing 727s to Donald Trump for $365 million. Bette joined Trump Shuttle, which flew hourly between DCA, LGA, and BOS from 1989 to 1992.

Bette Nash poses with three other flight attendants
Bette Nash (second from left) and coworkers | IMAGE: American Airlines
Boeing 727 254 Trump Shuttle AN1210707
Trump Shuttle Boeing 727 | Image: By Felix Goetting from Wikimedia Commons

But the airline struggled. A recession, the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, and surging fuel prices led to its default on debt. USAir took over, eventually becoming US Airways and later merging with American Airlines in 2013. Through every change, Bette stayed on, adapting to new uniforms, new planes, and new challenges, but always with the same warm smile. 

Flight attendant Bette Nash and her crew pose in front of their US Airways Shuttle aircraft
Flight attendant Bette Nash (center) and her crew pose in front of their US Airways Shuttle aircraft | IMAGE: American Airlines

Of course, with a career as illustrious as Bette’s, she had the privilege of serving many notable passengers. One of Bette’s most memorable passengers was Jackie Kennedy. In a CNN interview, Bette shared how a passenger once asked her if the flight she was on was going to Washington. Answering yes, as she turned around, she saw Jackie, poised and elegant–a moment Bette would always remember fondly.

A Legacy Honored: Milestones and Recognition 

Flight attendant Bette Nash through the years
Bette Nash through the years | IMAGE: American Airlines

Bette’s dedication didn’t go unnoticed. In 2007, US Airways honored her 50th anniversary with a water cannon salute, a gesture typically reserved for retiring captains. American Airlines honored her similarly for her 60th anniversary in 2017.

In 2022, Guinness World Records officially recognized her as the world’s longest-serving flight attendant, a title she held with much pride. 

Even in her later years, Bette’s daily routine reflected her deep passion for her work. According to a 2024 New York Times article, she set her alarm at 0210 every morning to prepare for her 0600 departure. She greeted each passenger with a cheerful smile, many of whom were regulars who knew her by name. She credited her longevity to her love for serving others and offering kindness. It was this philosophy that defined her career from beginning to end.

Flying High Until the End 

Flight attendant Bette Nash
The warm smile that greeted every passenger on board one of flight attendant Bette Nash’s flight | IMAGE: American Airlines

Bette’s final chapter was marked by both courage and grace. In 2024, she was diagnosed with breast cancer. She passed away on 17 May 2024 at the age of 88 in Manassas, Virginia, after entering hospice care. Remarkably, she never officially retired. Her love for the skies kept her going until the very end. 

Her employer–indeed, her second family–shared the news of her passing on X on 25 May 2024.

“We mourn the passing of Bette Nash, who spent nearly seven decades warmly caring for our customers in the air,” the post stated. “She started in 1957 and held the Guinness World Record for longest-serving flight attendant. Bette inspired generations of flight attendants. Fly high, Bette.”

We mourn the passing of Bette Nash, who spent nearly seven decades warmly caring for our customers in the air. Bette inspired generations of flight attendants. Fly high, Bette.

American Airlines statement following the death of flight attendant Bette Nash on 24 May 2024

Her obituary perfectly captured her essence: “Her legacy will be remembered not only for her extraordinary career but also for her warmth, generosity, and the countless lives she touched. She will be deeply missed by her family, friends, colleagues, and all who had the privilege of knowing her.”

Additionally, to honor the first anniversary of Bette’s death, author Rick Evan recently released a biography of Bette’s life called Bette: The True Story of My Life in the Sky. The biography captures the heart of Bette and the job she loved so much, helping to keep her story alive for generations to come. The book was released on 24 May 2025, the one-year anniversary of Bette’s death.

Bette Nash works a flight
Bette doing what she did best: taking care of passengers that became family | IMAGE: American Airlines

A Timeless Inspiration 

Flight attendant Bette Nash through the years
An image shared by flight attendant Bette Nash’s employer American Airlines announcing her death in 2024 | IMAGE: American Airlines

Bette Nash’s 67-year career began at the dawn of the jet age and stretched into the modern era, a bridge between aviation’s glamorous past and its fast-paced present. She was a living link between the golden era of air travel when champagne and cigarettes were part of the service and the post-9/11 world, navigating decades of change with unwavering grace.

But through every transformation, Bette remained a constant: a beacon of kindness, faith, and resilience. 

Here at AvGeekery, we salute the flight attendants who keep us safe in the skies every day. And we pay tribute to Bette Nash by remembering what she stood for. Whether you’re a flight attendant, a pilot, or a passenger gazing out at the clouds, take a moment to remember Bette—the woman who turned a job into a 67-year calling, who faced life’s storms with grace, and who showed us all what it means to soar with a servant’s heart.

Here’s to Bette Nash–the queen of the “Nash Dash,” a true aviation icon whose wings will forever grace the skies. 

Fly high, indeed, Bette. Fly high.

Cowabunga! This Fascinating Simpsons Airline Livery Turned Heads in 1995

Unique liveries and designs have sprung up over the years, but none were as in-your-face as The Simpsons airline livery from 1995. While the iconic Matt Groening show is still on the air today, it was viewed by up to 9 million households around this time.

Which airline got to feature this famous family? Not United or American, but a lesser-known and budding airline called Western Pacific Airlines. The carrier, however, didn’t get very far, closing in 1998 due to major financial losses. Here’s the story of the Simpsons airline livery.

Western Pacific’s Inspirations

Western Pacific Airlines (WestPac) was founded in 1994 in Colorado Springs, Colorado, under the name ‘Commercial Air.’ It hyped up its launch in April 1995, but not without its later name change beforehand.

Unlike other airlines, WestPac didn’t start with an original livery design. Instead, it used its own ‘AirLogo’ program.

Each jet was essentially a ‘flying billboard’ that promoted another business, almost all of which were from Colorado Springs. Known WestPac liveries included the following:

  • Womacks Casino
  • The Broadmoor
  • Stardust Resort and Casino
  • Thrifty Car Rental
  • Purgatory Ski Resort
  • Spirit of Durango
  • Professional Rodeo Cowboys
  • Colorado Tech University
  • Crested Butte Resort
  • Sam’s Town
  • Security Service Federal Credit Union

Some jets didn’t have any commercial affiliation, but were given nicknames such as the ‘Super Summer Saver Jet’ and ‘Winter WonderPlane’. The carrier operated 20 Boeing 737-300 jets and wet-leased two Boeing 727-200s.

Western Pacific Airlines. Simpsons airline
Image: By Richard Silagi from Wikimedia Commons

At its peak, WestPac served 26 destinations across the country. All of them were popular destinations spanning from Los Angeles, California (LAX) to Wichita, Kansas (ICT). New York City was the glaring omission, but those looking to travel there would still be able to by flying to Newark, New Jersey (EWR).

WestPac’s Golden (Yellow) Opportunity

The Simpsons airline livery was the airline’s outlier of all their promotional designs. It came about from an arrangement between WestPac and the Fox Corporation. The network reportedly paid $1 million for the livery.

While no stories have surfaced for how the deal came about, it was likely because WestPac had the flexibility and willingness that not many other airlines wanted to take with their fleet at the time.

The airline chose the Simpsons livery for aircraft N949WP. This particular jet was made in 1985 and was first owned by Piedmont Airlines, followed by USAir in 1989.

The fuselage was a warm, golden yellow, featuring all five members of the family. The jet featured the red ‘The Simpsons’ logo in the middle of the fuselage.

Four of the characters were present on the fuselage: Bart, Homer, Maggie, and Lisa, from left to right. Because of Marge’s hairstyle, she was relegated to the tail. Additionally, the engines sported the Fox logo in blue and yellow.

Models of the Simpsons jet were also available for sale at the time.

WestPac Packs it Up

The Simpsons airline livery continued to fly until 1998 when the airline closed its doors. The carrier lost a total of $90 million during its three years of operation.

WestPac entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in December 1997. The airline almost merged with Denver-based Frontier, but the latter airline backed out when it learned about WestPac’s somber financial records.

In February 1998, WestPac declared for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, and its assets were auctioned off shortly after.

Southwest Airlines Boeing 737-300 Aircraft. Formerly featured the Simpsons airline livery.
Image: By Aero Icarus from Wikimedia Commons

A few months later, Southwest Airlines acquired the Simpsons jet with the registration number N660SW. Unfortunately, the jet had to be repainted in the Southwest’s tan and red color scheme.

According to PlaneSpotters, the jet retired in 2016 and is currently preserved at the Anyang Institute of Technology Flight Training Center in Henan, China.

UPS Will Phase Out Aging Airbus A300-600F Freighters

UPS will soon begin phasing out their aging Airbus A300-600F freighters. The planes have been workhorses for the company since the early 2000s.

The company plans to retire the fleet by 2035, as part of their fleet renewal strategy. UPS currently operates 52 of the planes, mainly connecting major domestic hubs like Chicago, Louisville and New York.

Increasing cost pressures for old planes

The first A300-600F airframes started flying for UPS in 2000, with more coming online thru 2006. The aging planes will be 30 years old when they are retired by 2035. At their age, they are are becoming more expensive to maintain and operate than newer alternative options. Stricter rules about noise compliance are also forcing the industry to seek more modern planes.

Fuel burn is another issue. The older they get the less efficient they are. Newer planes are quieter for local communities, and offer 10-15% better fuel efficiency – which means saving money on every flight.

Boeing 767-300F will replace UPS’s Airbus A300-600F

UPS Airbus A300-600F
Boeing 767-300F (UPS photo)

Another UPS workhorse, the more modern Boeing 767-300F, will replace the company’s aging Airbus A300-600F.

”The aircraft is the most versatile in our fleet,” says UPS. “With this order, and UPS’s order for 19 767 freighters in December 2021, we will operate a total of 108 767 freighters within our global network.”

“The first of the new aircraft are scheduled for delivery in 2025 and give us flexibility within our fleet to meet future customer demand. The 767 offers an excellent combination of payload and range for our customers,” said UPS Airlines President Jim Joseph. “The new aircraft also will help modernize our fleet while improving our efficiency, sustainability and reliability.”

These 7 Airlines Still Fly the Airbus A340 in 2025

Once a staple of long-haul travel and a symbol of Airbus’ ambition to rival Boeing’s widebodies, the four-engine Airbus A340 is now a rarity in commercial service. But it hasn’t vanished.

As of May 2025, 49 A340s remain in scheduled passenger service across seven airlines. Another 28 are still flying in various roles—including charters, VIP transport, government flights, and ACMI operations—bringing the total number of active A340s to 77. An additional 38 airframes are inactive but not necessarily permanently; they’re either in storage or undergoing maintenance and could fly again.

77 (115 if you include inactive units) may not sound like much, especially considering that 377 A340s were built, but the aircraft still turns heads wherever it lands. With the recent announcement that Lufthansa will swap out the A330-300 for the A340-300 on its Frankfurt (FRA) to Raleigh-Durham (RDU) route this upcoming winter, we thought it was a good time to check in on where the aging quadjet is still flying today.

The A340 Legacy: A Quadjet’s Quiet Exit

Air France Airbus A340
An Air France Airbus A340 crosses Maho Beach before landing at Princess Juliana International Airport (SXM) in Sint Maarten | IMAGE: Photo by Ramon Kagie on Unsplash

The Airbus A340 was developed to compete with the Boeing 777 and McDonnell Douglas MD-11, debuting with the -200 and -300 variants in 1993. As Airbus’ first long-haul twin-aisle aircraft, it was designed for high-capacity, ultra-long-haul routes in a pre-ETOPS era when four engines were preferred for transoceanic flights.

The -200, with 261 seats and an 8,100 NM range, and the -300, seating 295 with a 7,300 NM range, entered service in March 1993 with launch customers Lufthansa and Air France. The -300’s maiden flight was on 25 October 1991, and both variants were certified in December 1992. Both the -200 and -300 are powered by CFM56-5C engines.

The larger -500 and -600 variants followed in the early 2000s. The -500, with 313 seats and a 9,000 NM range, first flew on 11 February 2002 and entered service in 2003 with Emirates after Air Canada, the intended launch customer, filed for bankruptcy. The -600, seating 379 with a 7,800 NM range, flew its maiden flight on 23 April 2001 and entered service with Virgin Atlantic in August 2002. At 247 feet 5 inches, the -600 was the world’s longest passenger aircraft until the Boeing 747-8 debuted in 2010. The latter two variants are powered by larger, more powerful Rolls-Royce Trent 500 engines.

However, the rise of ETOPS and more fuel-efficient twinjets made the A340 less competitive. Airbus ended production in November 2011 after delivering 377 of the 380 ordered A340s from its Toulouse factory, with the final two -500s delivered in 2012. The A340’s successor, the A350, now dominates long-haul routes.

Despite its commercial decline, the A340 has a strong safety record, with no fatal accidents but six hull losses, including Air France Flight 358, an A340-313 that overran the runway during a thunderstorm at Toronto Pearson International Airport (YYZ) in August 2005.

Who Still Flies the Airbus A340?

Edelweiss Airbus A340
An Edelweiss Airbus A340 departs Zurich Airport (ZRH) | IMAGE: Photo by David Syphers on Unsplash

According to data, as of May 2025, only seven airlines continue to operate 49 Airbus A340s on scheduled commercial flights. Here’s a breakdown.

  1. Lufthansa (Germany): The largest A340 operator with 22 active aircraft (16 A340-300s, 6 A340-600s) out of a fleet of 23, Lufthansa was the launch customer for the -200 in 1993 and once operated 62 of the type. The airline uses the type on long-haul routes to US destinations like Boston (BOS), Chicago (ORD), Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW), Detroit (DTW), Los Angeles (LAX), New York (JFK), Seattle (SEA), and Washington Dulles (IAD). Chicago is the only US city with scheduled A340-600 service, with two daily flights from Frankfurt—one on the A340-600 and another on a Boeing 747-800—plus a daily Munich flight on an A350. Lufthansa even brought some -600s out of retirement post-COVID to meet demand. Serving as Germany’s flag carrier, the average age of Lufthansa’s Airbus A340s is 21.9 years.
  2. Mahan Air (Iran): Operating ten active A340s (1 A340-200, 5 A340-300s, 4 A340-600s) out of a fleet of 16, Mahan Air is the largest A340 operator in the Middle East. It’s one of two airlines still flying the rare three-decade-old A340-200, using the aircraft for long-haul routes despite sanctions-related challenges. Mahan’s average A340 age is 26.3 years.
  3. Edelweiss Air (Switzerland): This leisure-focused Swiss International Air Lines subsidiary operates five A340-300s, serving long-haul vacation destinations in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Edelweiss leverages the A340 for low-utilization, high-capacity missions where range and comfort are key. The average age of Edelweiss’ Airbus A340s is 21.6 years.
  4. Swiss International Air Lines: Swiss operates four A340-300s from Zurich (ZRH) on long-haul routes. Despite most flag carriers retiring the type, Swiss maintains these aircraft with refreshed interiors and modern amenities typically found in newer aircraft. The four A340s Swiss operates have an average age of 21.6 years.
  5. Conviasa (Venezuela): The Venezuelan flag carrier operates three active A340s (2 A340-200s, 1 A340-600) out of a fleet of six. Conviasa flies two of the last three A340-200s in commercial use, often deploying them on diplomatic missions or scheduled routes from Caracas (CCS) to Europe and the Middle East. The average age of Conviasa’s A340s is 27.2 years.
  6. Kam Air (Afghanistan): With three active A340-300s out of a fleet of four, Kam Air uses the quadjet for long-haul and charter flights from Kabul (KBL) to Asian and Middle Eastern destinations. Kam Air takes advantage of the A340’s ability to navigate routes without relying on twinjet overflight permissions. The average age of Kam Air’s A340s is 24.1 years.
  7. South African Airways: South African Airways, once a major A340 operator, has dramatically downsized in recent years. Still, two 20-year-old A340-300s remain in service, primarily on long-haul routes between the carrier’s hub in Johannesburg (JNB) and Australian destinations like Perth (PER).
List of Airbus A340 operators as of May 2025
A list of all Airbus A340 operators as of May 2025 | SOURCE: planespotters.net
Mahan Air Airbus A340-642
Mahan Air (Iran) Airbus A340-642 | IMAGE: By Anna Zvereva from Tallinn, Estonia – Mahan Airlines, EP-MMQ, Airbus A340-642, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=78143696
Swiss Airbus A340
A Swiss Airbus A340-300 departs Zurich Airport (ZRH) | IMAGE: Photo by stephan hinni on Unsplash
South African Airways Airbus A340-300
A South African Airways Airbus A340-313 on short final at Hong Kong International Airport (HKG) in 2019 | IMAGE: By N509FZ – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=77622518

The Role of the Airbus A340 in Charter and ACMI Operations

Hi Fly Airbus A340
A HiFly Airbus A340 | IMAGE: By Kamezukakofun – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16823040

While no longer a staple of scheduled airline fleets, the Airbus A340 continues to play a valuable role in the specialized world of charter and ACMI (Aircraft, Crew, Maintenance, and Insurance) operations. Carriers such as SpiceJet, Hi Fly Malta, and Air Algérie operate A340s that are leased from ACMI providers, though these airlines are not counted among the seven main commercial operators of the type.

These leased A340s provide a flexible, cost-effective solution for airlines needing extra capacity during peak seasons, on long-haul ad-hoc routes, or while their own aircraft are undergoing maintenance. By outsourcing aircraft and crew through ACMI arrangements, airlines can avoid the operational and financial burden of maintaining an A340 fleet year-round.

A340 Fleet Breakdown

Lufthansa Airbus A340-300
Lufthansa Airbus A340-313 | IMAGE: By Konstantin von Wedelstaedt – Gallery page http://www.airliners.net/photo/Lufthansa/Airbus-A340-313X/1896162/LPhoto http://cdn-www.airliners.net/aviation-photos/photos/2/6/1/1896162.jpg, GFDL 1.2, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26819564

Of the 218 A340-300s produced, 23 are still flying, with the majority operated by Lufthansa. Others are either in long-term storage or awaiting heavy maintenance. The A340-600, which saw 97 deliveries, has just 17 active units remaining. The A340-500, once known for its ultra-long-range capabilities, is now retired from commercial airline use—but it hasn’t disappeared entirely.

Kam Air Airbus A340-300
A Kam Air Airbus A340-300 on short final at Beijing Capital International Airport (PEK) | IMAGE: By N509FZ – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=91591425

Government and VIP Use of the A340

Egyptian Government Airbus A340
An Airbus A340 used by the Egyptian Government on final approach to Paris Orly Airport (ORY) in 2019 | IMAGE: Photo by Daniel Eledut on Unsplash

Several A340s have been repurposed for government and VIP transport, taking advantage of the aircraft’s long range, reliability, and spacious cabin. For instance, two former Lufthansa A340-300s now serve the German government, transporting the Chancellor and other senior officials.

Seven A340-200s are still active, with five flying for government agencies and two in commercial use—operated by Conviasa and Mahan Air. Likewise, seven A340-500s remain in service in a VIP or state transport capacity. One notable example is a highly customized A340-541 operated by Sands Aviation, owned by the Las Vegas-based Sands Corporation, and used for luxury VIP travel.

Las Vegas Sands Airbus A340-500
Las Vegas Sands Airbus A340-500 on the ramp at Harry Reid International Airport (LAS) in February 2025 | IMAGE: Photo by David Syphers on Unsplash

Thanks to its comfort, endurance, and ability to operate on long-haul routes without ETOPS restrictions, the A340 remains well-suited for diplomatic and executive missions.

Conviasa Airbus A340
Conviasa Airbus A340-600 | IMAGE: By N509FZ – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=137574705
Azerbaijan Airlines Airbus A340-500
Azerbaijan Airlines Airbus A340-500 used for VIP transport | IMAGE: By Aktug Ates – Gallery page https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29030333

The A340’s Twilight Era

Lufthansa Airbus A340
These 7 Airlines Still Fly the Airbus A340 in 2025 44

While only 77 A340s are currently in active service, another 38 remain parked or undergoing maintenance, meaning they could return to flight depending on demand and operator needs. Most commercial airlines have moved on to more efficient twin-engine widebodies, which offer better fuel economy and lower operating costs.

Still, the A340 maintains a niche appeal. Its four-engine layout eliminates ETOPS restrictions, giving operators greater routing flexibility over remote or oceanic areas.

With no fatal accidents in its history and a distinctive silhouette that still turns heads, the Airbus A340 enjoys a loyal following among aviation fans—and remains a vital asset for airlines and operators that know how to use it.

Horrific Hijacking: Why EgyptAir Flight 648 Became One of the Deadliest in History

Hijackings weren’t uncommon in the late 20th century, as proven by EgyptAir Flight 648. But while many hijackers demanded money, a terrorist organization known as Abu Nidal demanded a free flight to Libya, or more passengers would die the longer it took.

In total, 56 passengers died during and after the flight, making it one of the most lethal hijackings in history. Here’s the story of EgyptAir Flight 648.

‘We Thought We Were Dropping From the Sky’

The hijacking of EgyptAir Flight 648
Image: Times of Malta

On 23 November 1985, EgyptAir Flight 648, a Boeing 737-266, departed Athens Ellinikon International Airport (ATH) in Greece en route to Cairo International Airport (CAI) in Egypt. On board were 87 passengers and six crew members. The flight was commanded by two 39-year-old pilots, Hani Galal and Imad Mounib.

At 2010 local time, ten minutes after the Boeing took off, three members of the Palestinian terrorist organization Abu Nidal brandished weapons and took over the flight. The identities of the terrorists were Omar Rezaq, Nar Al-Din Bou Said, and their boss, Salem Chakore.

At the start of the hijacking, Chakore would review all the passengers’ passports, ordering Palestinians and Egyptians to the back of the jet while Americans, Australians, Israelis, and Europeans to the front. Rezaq would enter the cockpit to demand that EgyptAir Flight 648 change course.

Methad Mustafa Kamal, an Egyptian Security Service agent, was next to give his passport to Chakore. Though the hijackers didn’t deem Egyptians as a threat to them, he was afraid they would find out he was still an air marshal. Rather than his passport, he swiftly took out his handgun, shooting and killing Chakore.

This led to a shootout between Kamal and Bou Said. Kamal and two passengers were wounded during the shootout. One of the bullets from Bou Said’s gun punctured the fuselage, prompting the pilot to descend to 14,000 feet so the passengers could still breathe.

One of the surviving passengers, Jackie Pflug of Houston, Texas, commented on the experience during an event in 2017:

‘We thought we were dropping from the sky…We were going to hit the ground and die’.

Pflug, Patrick Baker, and Scarlett Rogenkamp were three Americans on board.

‘Kill Someone Every 15 Minutes’

The hijackers initially demanded to go to Libya, but the descent caused the plane to burn through a lot of fuel. They then decided to divert to the closest airport, Luqa Airport, now known as Malta International Airport (MLA).

Galal informed ATC of the hijacked Boeing’s arrival ahead of time. Malta, however, didn’t want the aircraft to land and turned the lights off at the airport. The Boeing landed there anyway and did so safely.

Rezaq took over the hijacking, demanding refueling for continuation to Libya and a medic to be on hand for Chakore. He told ATC that somebody would die every 15 minutes until both demands were fulfilled.

Hours went by, and Rezaq would execute passengers one by one and throw them down a set of stairs to outside the aircraft. A few victims, though, did manage to survive and escape, having been found by Malta authorities and transported to a hospital.

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Image: The Age

The United States and Egypt would work together to plan a raid on the parked Boeing at MLA. Egyptian Unit 777 and the US Delta Force would disguise themselves as caterers to ambush the hijackers.

They arrived 90 minutes earlier than planned, scrapping the disguise idea and springing into action. The unit would plan to blow the door open and enter using non-lethal plastic explosives. The cavalry didn’t realize, however, that the hijackers placed a bomb underneath the fuselage. According to Dr. Abella Medici, the unit used more plastic explosives than necessary, which set off this bomb and suffocated many more passengers, as well as Bou Said, to death.

Rezaq’s Run From the Law

A total of 33 passengers and four crew members survived the EgyptAir Flight 648 hijacking. Rezaq was the only hijacker who survived following a confrontation outside the plane with Galal and an Egyptian militant. He was subsequently detained.

On 2 November 1988, Rezaq was found guilty on seven counts, including the killing of a few of the passengers on Egyptair Flight 648. While his initial sentence was 25 years, it was reduced to only seven due to a general amnesty, leading to his release in 1993.

Rezaq, however, was still wanted by the United States for killing a US citizen, that being Rogenkamp. Rezaq fled to Nigeria, where officials denied him entry because he did not have a passport. He was then handed over to the FBI and transported to the United States.

Rezaq is currently spending life in prison at the United States Penitentiary in Marion, Illinois.

He-177 Greif Heavy Bomber a Failure for Nazi Germany

During the buildup to World War II, Germany wanted to develop a long-range heavy bomber. Their solution was the Heinkel He-177 Greif.

The design included advanced, unique features Germany hoped would make it a powerful weapon in the coming war. However, many problems kept the Greif from becoming an effective part of the Nazi war machine.

It eventually earned the nickname “The Flaming Coffin,” which gives a good indication of the plane’s success.

German Planning for New Heavy Bomber Began in the Years Leading Up to World War II

From the beginning of the project in 1936, the German Air Ministry had some specific goals for it. The basic requirements were that it fly long distances and be fast enough to outfly Allied fighters. Specifically, they planned for it to carry a 2,200-pound bomb load 3100 miles at about 311 miles per hour. The Germans tasked the Heinkel company with designing and building the new bomber.

He-177 Greif Heavy bomber. | Image: Public Domain
He-177 Greif Heavy bomber. | Image: Public Domain

The Greif had a wingspan of 103 feet and a length of 72 feet, similar in size to the American B-17. Initial plans were for it to have four V-12 engines mounted along the wings. A later change to this became one of the aircraft’s most significant problems.

Heinkel designed the Greif to have a cockpit crew of three: pilot, co-pilot, and gunner. There was a turret on the starboard side of the nose to defend against frontal attacks and another below the nose. The design allowed the gunner to operate them remotely. There was also a tail gunner who would fire his own gun. Several years later, Heinkel added a dorsal turret with two 13-millimeter guns.

He-177 Tail Gunner. | Image: Blaschka / CC-BY-SA 3.0
He-177 Tail Gunner. | Image: Blaschka / CC-BY-SA 3.0

Major Issues with First Prototypes

Many problems quickly arose, beginning with the initial flights of the Greif prototypes. One of the first problems was that the technology had not advanced far enough for the planned remote-control guns to function. As a result, Heinkel converted the turrets to manned positions.

Another problem came when the Germans decided to add a unique capability to the Greif. Ernst Udet, Nazi Director General of Air Force Equipment, decided the new aircraft should be capable of dive bombing. Dive bombing was different from the high-altitude bombing used by the B-17 and other Allied bombers. To make this possible on the Greif, Heinkel had to reinforce the aircraft’s undercarriage. This modification was made so that it could withstand the extreme stress put on the aircraft from pulling out of a steep dive. The modifications were essential for the Greif to have powerful enough engines to manage the weight.

HE-177 Greif prototype taking off. | Image: youtube https://youtu.be/5IjY7kIShEA?si=jcWR6kH868CnNM2Y
HE-177 Greif prototype taking off. | Image: youtube

Engine Design: The Source of Most of the Greif’s Problems

The first design called for engines with 1,973 horsepower. However, these engines did not exist in 1937, so Heinkel decided to use Daimler-Benz DB 606-A engines instead. They also felt that four engines mounted on the wings would not be aerodynamically sound, interfering with the plane’s dive-bombing ability.

He-177 in flight. | Image: public domain
He-177 in flight. | Image: public domain

Heinkel then chose to install two side-by-side engines in a single nacelle on each wing instead. They felt this would reduce drag on the airframe and make dive bombing possible. Each pair produced a combined 2700 horsepower. More than anything, this led to the eventual failure of the Greif. The engine pairs would drive a single airscrew shaft gear to turn the propellers. They realized excessive heat was a potential problem with two engines so close together.

Innovative Cooling System Failed to Meet Goals

Designers developed an innovative idea for a cooling system involving the pressurization of coolant water. Once the engines heated it to its boiling point, it would move to an expansion area and become steam. The steam would then cool as it passed through pipes under the outer skin of the fuselage and wings.

He-177 Greif captured by UK forces with British markings. | Image: public domain
He-177 Greif captured by UK forces with British markings. | Image: public domain

Eventually, however, they found that this system could not cool the two engines. They resorted to installing conventional radiators behind each propeller. While this seemed to work, it also increased the aircraft’s gross weight even more.

Frequent Fires Due to Oil Leaks in Engine Nacelles

Another problem was that oil would leak into the tight space between the engines. The oil would often drip on the hot exhaust manifolds on the other engine and catch fire. Another oil-related problem occurred during early test flights. Designers discovered that the engine oil return pumps caused the oil to foam when pilots throttled the engines back at altitude. The oil then became ineffective, resulting in overheating and the failure of several bearings, which sent connecting rods through the engines.

Maintenance crew working on left engines on HE-177 Greif. | Image: Blaschka / CC-BY-SA 3.0
Maintenance crew working on left engines on HE-177 Greif. | Image: Blaschka / CC-BY-SA 3.0

Designers also tried to save weight by not installing a firewall between engines, which only worsened the heating problem. An additional problem was that the tight spaces in the nacelles made it difficult for maintainers to reach engine components. They then performed less routine maintenance, which only led to more problems.

Design Flaws Resulted in Multiple Crashes

Looking back, it is unsurprising that these design flaws led to critical problems in flight. In November 1939, during the first flight of the Greif prototype, pilots had to land after just 12 minutes when the engines overheated. During the second flight, the aircraft had severe control problems and disintegrated in the air.

He-177 Greif heavy bomber crew prior to a test flight. | Image: Lückel / CC-BY-SA 3.0
He-177 Greif heavy bomber crew prior to a test flight. | Image: Lückel / CC-BY-SA 3.0

Later, the fourth prototype failed to recover from a shallow dive and crashed in the Baltic Sea. In 1941, two more prototypes caught fire and crashed. Despite these failures, pilots had favorable opinions about the Greif, and Germany continued with the program.

Germany Ultimately Abandons Heavy Bomber Project

In 1942, the Nazi High Command ordered the Luftwaffe to destroy the British fleet, and Heinkel produced 130 of the aircraft in 1943. Eventually, Germany built almost 1200 Greifs. Although they flew some combat missions, they never achieved the success the leaders hoped for. Germany was facing shortages in components and materials due to the Allied bombing of manufacturing facilities. The Nazis also had to focus on fighter production to defend against Allied attacks. Finally, in 1944, Germany abandoned the Greif program.

Blue Sky: United, JetBlue Forge Alliance. What’s in it for Travelers?

On Thursday, United Airlines and JetBlue Airways announced a new interline agreement dubbed “Blue Sky,” which has the aviation world abuzz. 

The collaboration, announced by both airlines in a joint statement, follows months of speculation about a potential deal between the two carriers.

Blue Sky isn’t just another codeshare or a rehash of JetBlue’s ill-fated Northeast Alliance with American Airlines. It’s a strategic partnership designed to boost customer choice, supercharge loyalty programs, and mark United’s long-awaited return to New York’s JFK International Airport.

Let’s take a look at what this means for frequent flyers, the industry, and the New York market.

A Win for Loyalty Members: MileagePlus and TrueBlue Get a Boost

Chart emphasizing some of the benefits customers will experience as a result of Blue Sky
This infographic summarizes some of the benefits customers will enjoy over time*. JetBlue and United will share more details about the timing of these features later this year. | IMAGE: United/JetBlue

The heart of Blue Sky is the integration of United’s MileagePlus and JetBlue’s TrueBlue loyalty programs, a move set to make life sweeter for millions of travelers. Starting this fall—pending regulatory approval—MileagePlus members can earn and redeem miles on most JetBlue flights, while TrueBlue members can do the same on United’s vast network. This reciprocal miles and points accrual, based on revenue, opens up a treasure trove of new destinations for both sets of loyalists.

For JetBlue’s TrueBlue members, the benefits are massive. With nearly three out of five people in New York City and Boston enrolled in TrueBlue, JetBlue’s Northeast-heavy customer base now gets access to United’s global reach: 165 additional US destinations, eight in Canada, two in the Caribbean, 31 in Latin America, 27 in Europe, five in Africa, two in the Middle East, 15 in Asia, and 14 in the South Pacific. That’s a staggering 264 new markets for TrueBlue members to earn and burn points on, including global gateways like London, Tokyo, and Sydney.

United’s MileagePlus members, meanwhile, gain access to JetBlue’s leisure-focused network, including 15 destinations United doesn’t serve, like Martha’s Vineyard, Mass. (MVY); Cartagena, Colombia (CTG); Kingston, Jamaica (KIN); and Ponce, Puerto Rico (PSE). JetBlue’s 90 daily flights to the Caribbean and 180 from JFK alone make this a boon for sun-seekers and East Coast travelers. Plus, JetBlue’s focus cities—Fort Lauderdale (FLL), San Juan (SJU), Orlando (MCO), and Los Angeles (LAX)—add serious depth to United’s offerings.

Elite status perks are another highlight. When flying JetBlue, United Premier members will enjoy their usual benefits, such as priority check-in, security, boarding, and baggage. JetBlue’s Mosaic members get the same VIP treatment on United. Complimentary access to preferred and extra-legroom seats, same-day standby/switch options, and one free checked bag are also part of the deal for qualifying elites on both carriers. Details on premium cabin upgrades, like JetBlue’s Mint or United’s Polaris, are still under wraps, but both airlines promise more clarity later this year.

United’s Big Return to JFK

Blue Sky heralds the return of United Airlines to JFK Airport
A United Airlines flight departs New York John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) | IMAGE: Photo by Miguel Ángel Sanz on Unsplash

United’s retreat from JFK in 2015, followed by a brief return in 2021 and another exit in October 2022, was a sore spot for CEO Scott Kirby, who called it a “strategic mistake” by his predecessor, Jeff Smisek. Blue Sky changes all that. As part of the alliance, JetBlue is handing over slots for up to seven daily roundtrip flights from JFK’s new Terminal 6, with flights potentially beginning in 2027. In a “net-neutral exchange,” United and JetBlue will swap eight slots at Newark Liberty (EWR), ensuring neither airline gains an unfair edge.

This move reestablishes United’s presence at one of the world’s most iconic airports, bridging the gap between its EWR hub and JetBlue’s JFK stronghold at Terminal 5. For United, it’s a chance to reclaim a slice of the lucrative New York market while leaning on JetBlue’s infrastructure. For JetBlue, it’s a way to bolster its Newark presence without sacrificing its JFK dominance.

Streamlined Booking and Travel Services

While the news about Blue Sky focuses on loyalty points and slots, it’s also worth nothing that the alliance will help make travel easier. Customers will soon be able to book flights on either airline through their websites and respective mobile apps. This seamless ticketing experience is a big win for travelers who value convenience over brand loyalty.

United is also following JetBlue’s lead by integrating its ancillary travel services—hotels, rental cars, cruises, and travel insurance—into a single platform on united.com and its app, powered by JetBlue’s Paisly technology. Currently, United funnels customers to separate services like United Hotels and United Cruises. The new setup, leveraging Paisly’s human-first approach and advanced tech, promises leisure travelers a slicker, more cohesive booking experience.

Why This Matters for JetBlue

A JetBlue Airbus at the gate at JFK
A JetBlue flight at the gate at JFK | IMAGE: Photo by Austin Hervias on Unsplash

Blue Sky is a lifeline for JetBlue after years of searching for a stable US partner. Previous alliances with American Airlines (the Northeast Alliance, which ended in 2023) and Spirit Airlines didn’t pan out, leaving JetBlue—a 4% player in the US market—struggling to compete with giants like Delta, Southwest, and United (which holds a 16% share, per the US Department of Transportation). This alliance gives JetBlue a powerful ally without the regulatory headaches of a codeshare or merger.

JetBlue CEO Joanna Geraghty called the partnership a “bold step forward” and a “clear win” for customers and crewmembers. By tapping into United’s global network, JetBlue can offer TrueBlue members unparalleled access to international destinations while maintaining its East Coast and Caribbean strengths. The slot exchange at Newark further solidifies JetBlue’s footprint in the New York metro area, its hometown market.

A New Chapter for United

A United Boeing 787 departs LAX
A United Boeing 787 Dreamliner departs Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) | IMAGE: Photo by David Syphers on Unsplash

For United, Blue Sky is a strategic coup. The return to JFK addresses a long-standing gap in its network, and the partnership with JetBlue—a carrier with a loyal Northeast following—adds leisure destinations that complement United’s business-heavy routes. CEO Scott Kirby emphasized the alliance’s focus on “innovation and the customer experience,” noting that United employees are “really excited” about the JFK comeback. With 380 destinations across six continents and a fleet of 1,033 aircraft, United’s scale gives JetBlue’s customers a world of options while reinforcing United’s dominance in the US market.

What’s Next for Blue Sky?

United and JetBlue announce Blue Sky alliance
United and JetBlue announce Blue Sky alliance

Unlike the defunct Northeast Alliance, Blue Sky is an interline agreement, meaning both airlines will continue to operate, price, and market flights independently. This sidesteps the antitrust scrutiny that doomed JetBlue’s tie-up with American. Regulatory approval is still pending, but both carriers are optimistic, with some components—like loyalty program integration and cross-booking—slated to launch this fall. Corporate travelers may also benefit as both airlines explore extending parts of their corporate discount programs to the partner’s flights.

While details on premium cabin reciprocity and full loyalty integration are still forthcoming, the Blue Sky Alliance is poised to shake up the US airline landscape. For frequent flyers, it’s a chance to stretch their miles and points further than ever. For United, it’s a triumphant return to JFK. And for JetBlue, it’s a long-sought partnership that finally gives it the muscle to compete with the big dogs.  

Fingers crossed that blue skies are, indeed, ahead. 

Private Jet or Commercial? 6 Shark Tank Stars’ Lavish Travel Habits Revealed

Do Shark Tank stars fly commercial or private jet? Shark Tank has been a television staple since 2009, changing numerous lives and introducing America to up-and-coming businesses, goods, and services. Many deals made on this program have also made several known investors even wealthier.

Considering all the money accrued from these deals, how do all the Sharks travel? Do they have a collection of private aircraft or save money by flying coach? Here is the current flight situation of each main Shark Tank investor.

Mark Cuban

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Image: By flybyeigenheer from Wikimedia Commons

As the wealthiest Shark on the show, Cuban owns four aircraft. Years earlier, in 1993, he also had a lifetime pass at American Airlines, for which he paid over $100,000.

The former Shark Tank star exited the show after Season 16 and set a Guinness World Record in 1999 when he purchased the Gulfstream V private jet. At $40 million, this was the largest online transaction at the time. That same year, he bought another aircraft for the Dallas Mavericks, a Boeing 757, which he customized to meet the team’s needs.

Later, the Mavericks received an upgraded commercial plane–a Boeing 767-200ER. This aircraft was scrapped and sold for parts in 2021.

Cuban also acquired a Bombardier Global Express, which he uses as his current private jet.

Robert Herjavec

Canadian CL600 Sunwest Aviation C GGWH ZRH October 2006
Image: By Rolf Wallner from Wikimedia Commons

Herjavec has purchased two private jets in his lifetime. His first jet was a Bombardier Challenger 604. While owning this jet, he also owned two Magellan Jet charter memberships.

When asked by Magellan Jet why he has a charter membership while he has his own jet, Herjavec stated that the aircraft is ‘the ultimate time machine,’ elaborating that time is a resource that can’t be replaced like money can be.

Herjavec later replaced the Bombardier with the Gulfstream IV-SP at some point in 2017. While he enjoyed the 604, he summarized the decision by stating, ‘It’s hard to beat windows on a Gulfstream.’

The Croatian-born investor says he’s in the air for around 300 hours yearly and claims he spends all those hours in the cabin working.

Daymond John

NOAA Gulfstream IV-SP
NOAA’s Gulfstream IV-SP takes off from Lakeland Linder International Airport (LAL) | IMAGE: NOAA

Aside from being a superstar investor, John was also on the Jetset Magazine editorial board until 2018. In his write-ups, he documented how owning a private jet was considered the ‘ultimate status symbol.’

While he doesn’t specify the plane he purchased, he claims he bought it in 1999 only to resell it in 2002. Finances were the primary reason he switched to chartering a jet rather than owning one.

The Shark Tank investor claims to charter a private jet around 30 times yearly. He gave this endorsement on charter jet company JetSmarter in 2016:

“Personally, I have been using JetSmarter for a while now, and I could not be happier. When I have to go shoot Shark Tank, or speak at something like the Global Entrepreneur Summit, I just fire up the app or give them a call, and I have a G4 waiting for me in no time. It is honestly as easy as booking a commercial flight on Expedia, maybe even easier.”

Kevin O’Leary

The most cautious of the Shark Tank stars, with the fewest deals made, Kevin O’Leary rides a private jet and travels in first class on commercial flights. It isn’t known at this time, however, whether he owns or charters a private jet.

In his 2013 book Cold Hard Truth About Family, Kids, and Money, O’Leary revealed that whenever he flies commercially with his son Trevor, he makes him sit in economy while O’Leary himself sits in first class. In response to his son’s complaint, O’Leary wrote:

My son is making the connection between money and personal freedom. I think that’s the greatest gift I’ve ever given him: to help him see that connection. And I constantly reinforce it by doing “Mean Dad” things like making him sit in those crappy economy seats.

Lori Greiner

Unlike her male counterparts, Greiner flies commercial. While Greiner doesn’t publicly proclaim her allegiance to a particular airline, she has been known for flying first class with United for many years. She and the airline are based in Chicago, Illinois, so there could be more to the relationship than what’s known online.

On the ABC sitcom Shifting Gears, the character Georgia, played by Barrett Margolis, claims that Greiner travels by helicopter. However, there is no confirmation that Greiner owns or charters a helicopter.

Barbara Corcoran

N568JB Airbus A320 232 JetBlue Airways
Image: By Colin Brown from Wikimedia Commons

Like Greiner, Corcoran also chooses flying commercial over owning or chartering a private jet. Corcoran, however, doesn’t even fly first class. Instead, she opts to fly coach along with other fellow travelers.

When explaining her decision, Corcoran had this to say on The Jamie Kern Lima Show:

‘Do you know what a first-class ticket costs? Listen, the way I figure it is, a coach ticket is about 25% of a first-class ticket. I get the free miles and I can give them away. I have everybody in my family flying on my free miles…What’s more important, that everybody gets free vacations or that I’m comfortable in first class? I guess I could afford to do both, but I won’t. I’ll be in coach feeling smug because I know I have three plane tickets that could take somebody somewhere. It accumulates, you know?

In a 2018 Forbes interview, Corcoran revealed she flies with JetBlue because of ‘adequate legroom and service’. She also has accumulated many miles on Delta Air Lines.

Boeing, NASA Hit Pause on X-66 Jet in Bold Move to Focus on Core Programs

On 24 April 2025, Boeing announced a pause of the X-66 Sustainable Flight Demonstrator (SFD) program.

Boeing and NASA have collaborated since 2023 on the $1.5 billion SFD, also called the X-66. NASA reported it was planning a full-scale demonstrator flight in 2027.

Despite the stop to the program, Boeing stated it would continue working on the thin-wing technology that was to be a key component of the X-66.

Long, Thin Wings a Key Feature of X-66 Sustainable Flight Demonstrator

The most striking feature of the X-66 was its long, thin wings supported by trusses or struts. This was essential for the wings, as they did not have the rigid structure of wings on typical commercial jets. NASA and Boeing expected the wings, combined with advanced propulsion systems and lightweight composite materials, would make the X-66 as much as 30% more fuel-efficient than current passenger designs.

Side View of X-66 Sustainable Flight Demonstrator Showing Wing and Truss. | Image: Boeing
Side View of X-66 Sustainable Flight Demonstrator Showing Wing and Truss. | Image: Boeing

The X-66 was NASA’s largest experimental plane. One program goal was for it to become a single-aisle test platform for Boeing to replace the 737 in the 2030s. Both organizations have made significant investments in the X-66. NASA initially agreed to provide $435 million in the program, and Boeing promised $725 million. Boeing began the program with high hopes for the X-66’s future.

“We think we’ve got a real shot at bringing that technology to bear on the next airplane,” said CEO David Calhoun.

The X-66 is a Modified McDonnell Douglas MD-90

The X-66 was not an entirely new aircraft. Instead, it was a modified McDonnell Douglas MD-90. The modifications included replacing the wings with thinner ones. The plan was to install the new wings on top of the fuselage instead of under it, as in the original MD 90 configuration. The engines are positioned under the wings, which were above them in the original design.

Scale Model of X-66 Undergoing Wind Tunnel Testing at NASA's Ames Research Center. | Image: NASA
Scale Model of X-66 Jet Undergoing Wind Tunnel Testing at NASA’s Ames Research Center. | Image: NASA

Since the program began, NASA and Boeing have been conducting experiments such as wind tunnel tests, fluid dynamics modeling, and structural design and analysis using smaller models of the X-66.

Multiple Reasons For Pausing X-66 Sustainable Flight Demonstrator

Boeing decided to pause the development of the X-66 for several reasons. One is that the corporation decided to focus more on supporting its existing aircraft and customers, including the 737-10, 777-8, and 777-9. To accomplish this, Boeing has been pulling engineers from the X-66 program since 2024.

Another reason Boeing and NASA paused the X-66 program was an overall emphasis on cost-cutting, which may be due, in part, to President Trump’s plan to reduce NASA’s science budget by half in the upcoming fiscal year. Boeing has made it clear that it is not abandoning the technology it was developing for the X-66.

“[It] holds tremendous promise for the future of commercial aircraft, and the learnings to date have bolstered our interest,” wrote Todd Citron, Boeing CTO; Mike Sinnett, Vice President of Product Development; and David Loffing, Boeing Commercial Airlines Chief Engineer. “At the same time it is critically important to meet our commitments to customers on 737-7, 737-10, 777-9, and 777-8F and on airplane deliveries.”

Focus to Shift To Development of Thin Wing Technology

Boeing and NASA have announced they will shift their focus from the X-66 to applying thin-wing technology to multiple aircraft designs. This is clearly needed, as the efficiency benefits will become more critical than ever in the near future. Boeing estimates that the demand for single-aisle and narrow-body airliners will increase by 30,000 in the next 20 years.

NASA Image Showing Top View of X-66. | Image: NASA
NASA Image Showing Top View of X-66 Sustainable Flight Demonstrator. | Image: NASA

While wings produce lift, they also create drag as they move through the air. Longer, thinner wings generate less drag, which results in better fuel efficiency. This seems like a good solution for aircraft designs, but longer wings like those on current passenger aircraft would face more turbulence, which would then require more weight to strengthen them, eliminating the fuel consumption benefits.

To solve this on the X-66, NASA and Boeing were examining the use of trusses, or braces, to support the thin wings and avoid making them heavy. To accomplish this, they had to overcome several design obstacles.

“The junctures between wing, strut, and fuselage are challenging for flow separation and localized shockwaves, but computational fluid dynamics has helped shape the design,” said Brent Cobleigh, NASA’s SFD Project manager.

Wings Can Morph to Function as Control Surfaces

The thin wings also apply Boeing’s active aeroelastic wing technology. With this concept, the wings warp or morph along the leading and trailing edges to function as flight control surfaces. The wings are not as stiff as traditional designs and twist to create the most favorable shape for lift and control.

Digital Image of X-66 During Design Period Clearly Showing Thin Wings. | Image: NASA
Digital Image of X-66 Sustainable Flight Demonstrator During Design Period Clearly Showing Thin Wings. | Image: NASA

Another feature of the thin wings is better aerodynamic performance in conditions that would not be favorable for wings with conventional control surfaces.

Other benefits of the thin wing technology are less noise, better stall characteristics, and improved response to gusts.

Successful Quarterhorse Mk 1 Test Flight charts Hermeus path to hypersonic flight

The Quarterhorse Mk 1 has flown a successful flight test at Edwards AFB. It promises to pave the way for routine hypersonic flight for future warfighters.

The uncrewed aircraft was developed by Hermeus, a venture capital-backed aerospace and defense tech company specializing in high-speed aircraft.

“Mk 1 has redefined the pace of developing and flying new aircraft,” said Hermeus CEO and Co-Founder, AJ Piplica. “I’m incredibly proud of what our team has accomplished. We’ve proven the viability of our iterative development approach. But this is just the start. We have much more to do as the bar rises for the next iteration.”

Operationalizing hypersonic technologies

The Quarterhorse Mk 1 test flight was just the first flight milestone in an extended program to achieve sustained hypersonic flight.

That next iteration, the Mk2, is already well into its manufacturing at the company’s HQ in Atlanta. They also have a hypersonic engine and flight test facility in Jacksonville, FL.

Quarterhorse Mk 1
Successful Quarterhorse Mk 1 Test Flight charts Hermeus path to hypersonic flight 69

The Mk2 jet is expected to soar by the end of 2025. It’s about the size of an F-16 and powered by a proprietary hypersonic Chimera engine. It will be capable of high-Mach flight, and designed to “de-risk uncrewed supersonic flight”, says Hermeus.

The Mk1 version went from pen and paper to a real flying aircraft in less than a year. Mk1’s job is to validate high-speed takeoff and landing of a large uncrewed aircraft. Data from the test campaign validates design and performance models.

Quarterhorse Mk 1 Test Flight on 25 May 2025.
Successful Quarterhorse Mk 1 Test Flight charts Hermeus path to hypersonic flight 70

Successful Quarterhorse Mk 1 test flight product of rapid development

“The real-world flight data from Mk 1 provides significant technical value that we’re rolling into our next aircraft,” said Co-Founder and President Skyler Shuford. “Moreover, the team has accomplished this milestone on a challenging timeline while operating within the overall aerospace ecosystem — all to support rebuilding America’s lost capability to quickly develop brand-new, full-scale jets.”

“Industry partnerships continue to have an important role in the development and test of disruptive and innovative capabilities for our warfighters,” commented Major General Scott Cain, Commander of Air Force Test Center. “The promise of routine hypersonic flight is an exciting capability for the joint team.”

3 Airlines, 10K Hours, and No License: The Stunning Deception of Fraud Pilot Thomas Salme

Throughout aviation history, countless impostors and scammers have forged fraudulent pilot licenses to get free flights, lounge access, and other privileges. But one man, Thomas Salme of Stockholm, Sweden, went as far as flying for nearly 15 years before getting caught.

So what happened with Salme’s tenure flying? Did he make any mistakes? Was his punishment harsh? Here’s the story of Thomas Salme, the fraud pilot who successfully flew without a license.

Salme’s Stockholm Roots

Thomas Henry Salme was born on 18 February 1969 in Jordbro, Sweden, near Stockholm. Salme pursued a career in flying because his father was an aviation enthusiast and photographer. Because of financial restrictions surrounding the family, Salme never had any formal pilot training but obtained a private pilot’s license for small planes after his mom died of cancer, and he received an inheritance.

The license he obtained later expired and would have never been good enough to fly a commercial jet. Undeterred, Salme got a job at Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) as a maintenance engineer. He built rapport with colleagues and convinced them to give him access to a Boeing 737 flight simulator at Stockholm Arlanda Airport (ARN).

Thomas Salme inexplicably became a pilot for Italian carrier Air One
Thomas Salme inexplicably became a pilot for Italian carrier Air One | Image: By Konstantin von Wedelstaedt from Wikimedia Commons

Salme used the simulator in private for over 18 months. He logged up to 60 hours on it, studied technical manuals, and practiced flight procedures.

‘I’d train there for two or three hours at a time – at least 15 to 20 times over one and a half years,’ Salme recalled.

Salme’s Shortcut

In 1997, Salme photocopied a fraudulent pilot license with his picture and logos. The license, which was made of paper and wasn’t laminated, had a fake ID number. He had also used a false resumé and other paperwork to apply as a pilot in Europe. One of the airlines on his resumé was ‘Aladdin Airlines,’ which didn’t exist.

Salme got hired as a co-pilot for Air One in Italy. As a prerequisite for the job, Salme passed a simulator test in Dublin, impressing examiners despite his nerves. His first real flight, a domestic route to Naples with 148 passengers, was his first time piloting a commercial jet outside a simulator. Salme believed flying the real Boeing was easier than the simulator.

He was later promoted to captain in 1999 and flew with the low-cost Italian carrier until 2006. Reports suggest that Salme may have been fired after the airline found out he was a fraud pilot and that his license wasn’t real, but that is unconfirmed.

After working at Air One, he joined Corendon Airlines from Turkey (now Türkiye). He worked there for a year before being offered a pilot job at low-cost British airline Jet2.

Corendon Airlines aircraft. Similar to the one flown by fraud pilot Thomas Salme.
Thomas Salme flew for Turkish carrier Corendon | Image: By Oyoyoy from Wikimedia Commons

Salme worked at Jet2 for only ten months before deciding to return to Corendon. Between the three airlines, Salme accumulated 10,000 hours in flight without valid commercial pilot credentials.

Salme appeared to be a very skillful pilot, having no accidents, and at one point, managed to land a jet with one working engine following a bird strike.

The Fun Stops for Salme

Swedish authorities later caught on to Salme’s sketchy flight past. On 2 March 2010, Salme was about to pilot a Boeing with 101 passengers out of Schiphol Airport (AMS) in Amsterdam, Netherlands, on the way to Ankara, Turkey. Authorities boarded the plane and escorted Salme right out of the cockpit. Salme then confessed that his license was forged.

The fraud pilot story made international headlines, and Salme refused to attend his hearing the following month due to the media attention he received. According to his defense attorney, his career flying was the only way forward for him financially in order to handle divorce and take care of his children and his ailing father.

Salme originally faced three months in jail and a large fine, but he ultimately served no jail time and was only hit with a penalty of $2,700 (€2,000). He would also be banned from flying for one year, but he was welcome to fly commercially again if he obtained a commercial license.

Thomas Salme, however, had no plans to fly again. He now works as a photographer in Milan, Italy. He later wrote a book called Confessions of a Fraud Pilot and was the subject of a documentary titled This is Your Captain Speaking.

The Unshakable Valor of WASP Pilot and Airborne Heroine Shirley Slade

When we talk about the heroes of World War II, we often think of the battles, the generals, the troops who stormed beaches and held the line. 

But there’s another kind of hero—one whose legacy took decades to be fully recognized. One who soared thousands of feet above the front lines, ferrying bombers, training other pilots, and doing it all without fanfare or military status.

Shirley Slade was one of them.

A Different Kind of Battlefield

Graduating WASP Pilots
A class of WASP Pilots attend graduation ceremonies at Avenger Field in Texas | IMAGE: Public Domain

Born on 4 April 1921 in Chicago, Shirley Slade (later Shirley Slade Teer) grew up in a world where girls weren’t supposed to dream of flying planes—especially not military aircraft. But she did.

And when the United States entered World War II and faced a desperate shortage of pilots, Shirley didn’t hesitate. 

Like more than 25,000 American women, she answered the call to fly. Only 1,830 were accepted into the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) program, and just 1,074 completed the intense training, which lasted anywhere between 21 and 27 weeks.

Shirley was one of them.

She joined Class 43-5, training at Dodge City Army Airfield in Kansas, Harlingen Army Airfield in Texas, and Love Field in Dallas. She learned to fly some of the most challenging aircraft of the era, including the Bell P-39 Airacobra and the Martin B-26 Marauder—a bomber so dangerous it earned the nickname “Widowmaker.” 

But Shirley wasn’t intimidated. In fact, she was one of only 25 women handpicked by WASP Director Jacqueline Cochran—at the request of General Henry “Hap” Arnold—to prove that the B-26, a plane many men refused to fly due to its safety record, could be flown safely. And prove it she did.

With grit, precision, and unwavering focus, she showed the world it could be done. After all, lives depended on it.

She proved it with grit, precision, and unwavering focus—because lives depended on it.

A Face for the Future

Shirley Slade on the cover of LIFE Magazine
Shirley Slade appeared on the cover of LIFE Magazine’s 19 July 1943 issue | IMAGE: LIFE Magazine

On 19 July 1943, Shirley’s story—and her face—reached the nation when she appeared on the cover of LIFE Magazine. In the now-iconic photo, she stands tall on the wing of a military aircraft, flight suit on, wind in her hair, eyes steady. Her expression is calm but determined. The cover headline: “Girl Pilots.” In small letters on the lower left-hand corner of the magazine cover, it said “Air Force Pilot.”

She wasn’t just representing herself. She represented every woman who had been told “no” and flew anyway.

That cover was a quiet revolution. It said: Look what women can do.

Flying with Purpose

WASPs on airfield
WASPs on flight line at Laredo AAF, Texas, 22 January 1944. (U.S. Air Force photo) 

The WASP program was as grueling as it was groundbreaking. Candidates had to be between 21 and 35 years old, over 5’4″, and high school graduates. They paid for their own training and travel. They studied meteorology, Morse code, military law, physics, navigation, and aircraft mechanics. They logged 560 hours of ground school and 210 hours of flight training. And then they went to work.

WASPs ferried more than 12,600 aircraft, often flying solo from factories to staging points across the country before the transatlantic hop. They logged over 60 million miles. They transported cargo, including parts for the atomic bomb. They towed targets for live anti-aircraft gun practice, flew simulated strafing missions, and tested brand-new aircraft.

They did everything male pilots did except fly in combat.

And they did it without rank, without benefits, and without recognition.

Invisible Sacrifice

WASPs prepare for a training flight
WASPs prepare for a training flight | IMAGE: Public Domain

When the WASP program ended on 20 December 1944, 38 women had lost their lives in service. There were no military funerals. No Gold Stars. No veterans’ benefits for the families they left behind. Families weren’t even allowed to drape a flag over the coffins.

Shirley Slade and her fellow WASPs went home quietly, their uniforms packed away, their stories largely forgotten. Their contributions were classified and hidden from public view for decades—a shameful reminder of how women’s service was often dismissed or erased.

Recognition, at Last

It took more than 30 years for that to start to change.

In 1977, President Jimmy Carter signed legislation granting the WASPs veteran status. And in 2009—65 years after the program was shut down—Congress awarded the surviving WASPs the Congressional Gold Medal. Only about 200 were still alive to receive it.

Shirley wasn’t among them. She passed away on 26 April 2000, at age 79, in Texas. She never got to hear a nation say “thank you.”

But her legacy lives on.

More Than a Pilot

Shirley Slade wasn’t just a pilot. She was a pioneer. A patriot. A woman who saw a barrier and flew straight through it.

Her story—like so many others in the WASP program—isn’t just about planes or war. It’s about the quiet strength it takes to show up when no one expects you to. It’s about standing on the wing of a bomber and looking toward a future you’re helping shape. It’s about believing that courage has no gender.

A Tribute, and a Promise

WASP Shirley Slade
WASP Shirley Slade | IMAGE: Public Domain

Today, when we honor the Armed Forces and the sacrifices so many have made for the freedoms we hold dear, we remember women like Shirley Slade, who flew not for glory or recognition but out of a deep love for their country. They showed us that strength comes in many forms and that heroes aren’t always the ones with medals. 

Sometimes, they’re the ones whose names we’re only just beginning to learn.

We owe it to them and future generations to keep telling their stories.

Because Shirley Slade didn’t just help win a war. She helped open the skies.

The Aurora: Canada Took the Best of The S-3 Viking and P-3 Orion and Created This Unique Bird

The CP-140 is the Canadian Do-It-All Version of the Lockheed P-3 Maritime Patrol Platform

On 22 March 1979, the prototype Lockheed CP-140 Aurora took to the skies for the first time. While the Aurora is built on Lockheed’s P-3 Orion airframe, the CP-140 has an entirely different sensor suite than the Orion.

Now operating in its 47th year, the CP-140 is the Royal Canadian Air Force’s (RCAF) primary platform for maritime and overland intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), strike coordination, anti-surface warfare, and search and rescue (SAR) missions. The Aurora also combats illegal immigration, fishing, pollution, and drug trafficking in Canada.

CP 140 Canada 16519746661 Rob Schleiffert
Photo credit: Rob Schleiffert

A Multi-Mission Platform

As Canada’s primary anti-submarine warfare (ASW) platform, the CP-140 can also detect and destroy the latest generation of submarines with improved quieting. In combination, these capabilities enable the Aurora to detect, deter, and control illegal or hostile activity across Canada’s maritime approaches and remote regions. The CP-140 can also perform rescue work using its air-droppable survival pods.

CP 140A Arcturus Ken Mist
Photo Credit: Ken Mist

Replacing a Local Legend

The Aurora became necessary when Canada needed a replacement for their aging fleet of Canadair CP-107 Argus anti-submarine warfare aircraft. Developed from the Bristol Britannia transport, the Argus was powered by Wright R-3350 radial engines. While a fine and immensely capable aircraft in its day, by the late 1970s, it was showing its age, and parts for the older aircraft systems were becoming increasingly difficult to obtain.

CP 140 Aurora RIAT 2016 28348231570 Airwolfhound
Photo Credit: Airwolfhound

Better Than the Sum of Its Black Boxes

The Canadians examined the Lockheed products of the day and selected the best assets from each. The obvious external resemblance to the P-3 Orion belies the important differences inside the Aurora. CP-140s utilize two of the sensor suites and processing systems used in the then-cutting-edge, but now-retired, carrier-based Lockheed S-3 Viking, also an ASW aircraft of some note.

CAFDay 1 14809323430 Korona Lacasse
Photo Credit: Korona Lacasse

Combining Sensors With a New Gadget

At the heart of the Aurora sensor suite is the digital processor. Essentially, it is an airborne computer capable of simultaneously processing and displaying inputs from the sea-search radar, forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imager, electronic support measures (ESM) emitter location system, and the tail-mounted magnetic anomaly detector (MAD), as well as other mission equipment. By comparison, each system on board the P-3 Orion is operated individually, and its data is displayed separately.

CP 140 Canada 16494048216 Rob Schleiffert
Photo Credit: Rob Schleiffert

Inter-Service Cooperation Up North

Canadian CP-140s not only perform ASW missions but also conduct long-range search and rescue and strategic intelligence and surveillance work for various Canadian government agencies, including the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CSOFC), Canada Command, and Canadian Joint Operations Command (CJOC).

Aurora in flight.
Photo Credit: Korona Lacasse

Those Globe-Trotting Canadians

Auroras have deployed to Naval Air Station (NAS) Adak in Alaska and NAS Kaneohe Bay in Hawaii. Foreign deployments have taken Auroras to Andoya Air Base in Norway, NAS Keflavik in Iceland, RAF Saint Mawgan in England, and RAF Kinloss in Scotland, as well as other even more exotic and out-of-the-way locales.

Aurora on the tarmac.
Photo Credit: Filterkaffe

Differing Kinds of Combat

Specific missions assigned to CP-140s have included counter-narcotic patrols in the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific, maritime surveillance during Operation Sharp Guard (the blockade of Yugoslavia), Operation Sirius and Operation Active Endeavour (anti-terrorism patrols in the Mediterranean), Operation Apollo (the Canadian component of the war in Afghanistan), and maritime patrol missions in Libyan waters to assist with enforcement of the no-fly zones during Operation Odyssey Dawn and Operation Unified Protector.

Aurora with a fighter escort.
Photo Credit: Antoine Letart

Keeping The Cutting Edge Sharp

For decades, Canada’s CP-140 Auroras have soldiered on—modernized repeatedly with new avionics, flight controls, and mission systems to keep pace with the times. But even the most steadfast sentinels must eventually stand down. After years of near-replacements and program delays, the Aurora’s long watch is finally ending. Canada has committed to Boeing’s P-8A Poseidon, with the first aircraft slated to arrive later in 2026 and full operational rollout by 2033.

F7U Cutlass: The Fighter Jet Crippled by Its Gutless Engine

Vought’s F7U Cutlass Was an Advanced Design But Was Stuck With the Underwhelming Powerplants of Its Day

The Vought F7U Cutlass carrier-based jet fighter was one of the most unusual designs ever produced for the United States Navy (USN). Designed as the company’s entry in a 1945 carrier-based jet fighter design competition, the aircraft required the capability to fly at 600 miles per hour at 40,000 feet. It featured broad-chord, low aspect ratio, swept wings, with a wing-mounted tail fin on either side of a short fuselage, resulting in a semi-tailless twin-engine jet. The cockpit was positioned as far forward as possible to maximize pilot visibility.

Image of the F7U Cutlass.
Official US Navy photograph

Experience Should Have Helped

How did Vought arrive at such a novel design? German engineering. That’s right. Although at the time Vought denied any influence or even access to German aerodynamic engineers or their data, Messerschmitt and Arado engineers provided design inputs based on their experience with tailless German aircraft during the waning days of World War II.

The F7U Cutlass was the last design overseen by Vought’s Rex Beisel, who designed the first Navy-specific fighter aircraft (the Curtiss/Naval Aircraft Factory TS-1 in 1922) as well as the Vought F4U Corsair.

Cutlass taking off from an aircraft carrier.
Official US Navy photograph

Nosebleed Section

High-pressure hydraulically actuated elevons (Vought dubbed them “ailevators”) were utilized for pitch and roll control. The wings had full span leading edge slats. The nose landing gear strut, easily the longest ever used on a Navy carrier-based aircraft, was both required for high angle of attack takeoffs and recoveries and sufficiently sturdy to accomplish its job.

However, support structures such as down-locks were not up to the task, and the high stresses of carrier operations caused nose gear failures, which also often caused spinal injuries to the pilots who were 14 feet up in the air when sitting on the deck.

Cutlass flying with a Banshee.
Vought F7U Cutlass flying with a McDonnell F2H Banshee. Official US Navy photograph

Early Power Deficiencies For F7U Cutlass

The Navy’s Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer) ordered three XF7U prototypes in 1946. The first one flew for the first time from Naval Air Station (NAS) Patuxent River in Maryland on 29 September 1948 with Vought’s chief test pilot, J. Robert Baker, at the controls.

The specifications for the production F7U-1s were similar to those of the prototypes. However, further testing and development of the 19 Westinghouse J34-WE-32 turbojet-powered F7U-1s built by Vought resulted in the revised F7U-2 and the F7U-3 variants. Both would be equipped with more powerful engines.

F7U cutlass 1954
Official US Navy photograph

A Better Airframe But Still Lacking Thrust

At least that was the plan. At the end of the day, the F7U-2 never got off the drafting board because of engine development problems. However, the F7U-3 would incorporate as many improvements identified during the F7U-1’s flight hours as possible, resulting in a longer and stronger airframe. The first 16 F7U-3s built by Vought had non-afterburning Allison J35-A-29 engines.

The remaining -3s, powered by Westinghouse J46-WE-8B afterburning turbojets, became the production standard. But that didn’t necessarily mean thrust the Cutlass pilots could trust.

Cutlass on the flightdeck.
Official US Navy photograph

Wicked Shimmies and Other Challenges

The F7U-3 Cutlass entered operational service with the US Navy with VA-66 Waldos (soon to become VF-81) in April of 1954. Eventually, 13 squadrons would be equipped with Cutlasses. But operational problems were many and varied. The F7Us were all underpowered. The high-pressure hydraulic system constantly leaked. Landing gear doors had a tendency to fall off the jet.

Takeoff and carrier approach performance were poor, and to make matters worse, the J35 engines had a tendency to flame out when flying in rain. There were “wicked shimmies”- unpredictable, crash-causing post-stall gyrations. The aircraft quickly picked up unflattering sobriquets such as “Gutless Cutlass”, “Ensign Eliminator”, and “Praying Mantis.”

F7U 3Ms of VA 86 on USS Forrestal CVA 59 1956
Official US Navy photograph

For the rest of the Gutless F7U Cutlass saga, bang NEXT PAGE below

Fan’s reaction to A final F-14 flyover was fantastic

Shortly before the Navy retired the F-14 Tomcat in 2006, the venerable fighter jet made a final appearance in a final F-14 flyover of PNC Park in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Flyovers are always a tremendously unique event. The crowd is already amped up for the start of a game. The Star Spangled Banner plays and then it happens. Aircraft buzz the crowd as part of a grand finale. It’s about as American as it gets.

Flyovers at airshows and sporting events always wow the crowds

In the past, there were some very low and aggressive flybys at sporting events. The Blue Angels routinely wow crowds with their sneak passes in the F/A-18. We’ve even chronicled some of them. While impressive, they led to some disciplinary action and even ended some flying careers.

F-18 Flyover.  This article highlights the final F-14 flyover that took place at PNC Park.
Image via US Navy

Today, there are many more rules about flyovers though. Most occur at least 1,000 feet AGL (above ground level). While every flyover is impressive, the ones today are noticeably more muted and less heart pounding as they are well above the crowds.

The Reaction To This F-14 Flyover Makes This Video Totally Worth It

The video took place back in 2006 at the Major League Baseball Home Run Derby, before many of these rules were in place and/or in force. In the video, you’ll see two F-14s roar past overhead at less than 500 feet.

The fan videoing the impromptu air show yells, “Those are -14s, dude! Tomcats! Swept-back!” He and the rest of the crowd saw something we will never again see in our lifetime. The F-14 Tomcat was retired shortly after the flyby.

Today, the only place to see an F-14 flyover is in Iran

In 2025, only Iran operates a small fleet of aging Tomcats. They keep the fleet flying by cannibalizing jets from their fleet purchased before the Iranian revolution in the late 1970s.

Groundbreaking Flying Submarine Ideas that Defy Imagination

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The concept of a flying submarine or a submersible aircraft sounds like something from science fiction or a James Bond Film. Regardless of its name, people have been thinking about this and working on designs for just such a vehicle for over 100 years.

First Designs Appeared More Than 100 Years Ago

Perhaps the first mention of a flying submarine came in 1918 when inventor Felix Longobardi applied for and received a patent for his “Combination Vehicle.” The text of his application stated, “This invention relates more particularly to a vehicle or apparatus which may be described generally as a submersible or submarine boat which is provided with means whereby it may run on the land and may also fly. The objects of this invention are to provide a vehicle or apparatus of the character indicated which is adapted to operate underwater, on land, or in the air and which will be comparatively simple in construction as well as durable and efficient in operation.”

Image from patent application for Combination Vehicle. | Image: https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/
Image from patent application for Combination Vehicle. | Image: https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/

This plan included specific details for components that would permit travel underwater, on the surface, and in the air. The design showed how the wings would extend out horizontally for flight and fold up when it would submerge. The concept was also a military design with portholes for guns on the sides of and on the deck for “anti-aircraft purposes.” There is no evidence that Longobardi ever built his vehicle, but more plans for something similar in concept came in 1920.

Plans for a Submersible Biplane

On 24 January 1920, the “Illustrated London News” published concept art for a submersible biplane. It may have come from the Royal Navy, although the newspaper only claimed it was  “designed by a leading aircraft company.” The vehicle had the name “Tessaurian.” There were no written details, but drawings show telescopic wings that would retract when underwater, a periscope, and an inlet for water tanks for submerging. As with the Longobardi design, there were no reports of anyone building an actual vehicle based on the design. It wasn’t long before there were more designs for a similar craft.

Artist drawing of Tessaurian submersible biplane. | Image: Public Domain
Artist’s drawing of Tessaurian submersible biplane. | Image: Public Domain

Flying Underwater Boat

In 1934, Boris Petrovich Ushakov, a student at the Naval Engineering Institute in Russia, drew up a design for a flying underwater boat. It featured three engines, the ability to flood its fuselage, submerge it, and wait underwater for enemy ships, and torpedoes. Ushakov submitted his design to senior officials, but after showing some initial interest, they felt the vehicle would be too heavy and did not proceed with it.

Drawing of Ushakov flying underwater boat. | Image: https://www.flitetest.com/
Drawing of Ushakov flying underwater boat. | Image: https://www.flitetest.com/

During the following decades, nations tried ways to combine aircraft with submarines. Before the Second World War, the U.K. tried adding a small hangar to a class 2 submarine. This only caused the sub to sink. The French then considered carrying foldable planes inside submarines. Then, in the 1950s, the United States studied building an AN1 Submarine that could carry eight fighters inside its hull. While none of these ideas was for a true submersible aircraft, they showed continued interest in combining aircraft and submarines.

Cold War Designs Appear

The Cold War created a need for new, more effective military vehicles and weapons. In 1962, Donald Reid, an engineer at aircraft manufacturer North American Aviation, produced a design for a flying submarine. He built his Reid Flying Submarine (RFS-1) from parts salvaged from other aircraft in his spare time.

Reid Flying Submarine (RFS-1) | Image: Public Domain
Reid Flying Submarine (RFS-1) | Image: Public Domain

It worked as a float plane and was submersible to ten to twelve feet during testing. It did get into the air, but due to its weight, it could only make short hops of about 75 feet. The RFS-1 had a 65-horsepower engine for flying and a one-horsepower electric motor when underwater.

It was also no simple matter to transition from aircraft to submarine. The pilot had to remove the propeller and install a rubber cover over the engine to keep it dry. The submarine was also not pressurized or sealed underwater; the pilot had to use a scuba tank to breathe. While the RFS-1 proved that such a design was feasible, it did not perform very well underwater or in the air. Eventually, the Navy decided not to fund it after 1965.

First Truly Feasible Design

This was not the only US Navy interest in developing a flying submarine, and in 1964, it awarded a development contract to the Convair aircraft company. The Navy’s criteria for the design were that it have a two-man crew, a single turbojet engine for takeoffs, and twin turbofans for cruising. It also had to be sealable for undersea operations. The Convair submersible seaplane was also to have a Cold War mission of attacking Soviet shipping.

Drawing with details on Convair Sub-Plane. | Image: British boys' Eagle magazine
Drawing with details on Convair Sub-Plane. | Image: British boys’ Eagle magazine

Convair built several scale models, and the Navy began water and wind tunnel testing. Convair reported that their design worked. In the end, however, the project did not make it past the testing stage when Congress decided not to fund it any longer and canceled it.

DARPA Expresses Interest in Flying Submarine

The most recent attempt to develop a submersible aircraft came in 2008 when the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) requested a vehicle that could fly and travel underwater. DARPA’s requirements were that it have an in-flight range of at least 400 miles and an underwater range of at least 12 miles.

Its basic purpose would be to carry SEALS or other special operations troops to a location where they would perform a mission. The SEALS would leave the vehicle and go ashore to conduct their mission. While the SEALS would be gone, the vehicle would have to remain submerged for up to 72 hours without refueling. After bringing the SEALS back on board, the vehicle could exit the area underwater and then through the air.

U.S. Navy design diagram for both design variants for submersible aircraft. | Image: Sandboxx
U.S. Navy design diagram for both design variants for submersible aircraft. | Image: Sandboxx

In 2010, the Navy began its own study for a flying submarine, and the Navy Special Warfare Center and Office of Naval Research began it with DARPA’s original requirements. The study initially determined that a blended wing would be the best design for the vehicle.

U.S. Navy Produces Two Design Variants for Carrying SEALs

The Navy produced two design variants for it. Both had two pilots and carried six SEALS and their gear. In both designs, the cockpit would be sealed and pressurized, and the special operators would be exposed to the water and breathe from the vehicle’s air system. The two variants were similar in size and weight. The first one had a 92-foot wingspan and weighed 37,000 pounds. The second variant had a 109-foot wingspan and weighed 39,000 pounds.

Variant 1 flying submarine with blended wing design. | Image: Sandboxx
Variant 1 flying submarine with blended wing design. | Image: Sandboxx

After testing scale models of both versions, the Navy concluded that both were feasible and could be produced using existing technology and materials. As far as the public knows, the program ended with these two variants because the Navy has not mentioned anything further about them. However, the Navy has never officially canceled the project either, so the flying submarines or submersible aircraft may still be undergoing testing or even in use today.

Baseball’s Aviation First: The True Story Behind the First MLB Team Airplane

The Brooklyn Dodgers were the first Major League Baseball (MLB) team to own their own plane for team travel, marking a major milestone in both baseball and aviation history. This move earned them the distinction of being the first MLB team airplane owners, ushering in a new era of sports travel.

But the honor of being the first team to fly to a game belongs to the Cincinnati Reds. On 8 June 1934, 19 Reds players boarded two American Airlines–chartered Ford Tri-Motors, while six teammates chose to travel by train. Reds General Manager Larry McPhail believed flying would give the team more time to rest between games.

Soon after, teams like the New York Yankees began chartering planes more frequently throughout the season. But it was the Dodgers who took the next leap by acquiring their own aircraft, becoming the first true MLB team airplane operators.

Fly Me Out to the Ball Game

In the 1940s, trains were the primary method of transportation for teams. However, Brooklyn Dodgers President Branch Rickey had his own Beechcraft, which seated five. Rickey had a business partner named Bud Holman, who worked at Eastern Airlines from Vero Beach, Florida. The two would fly between New York and Florida in the Beechcraft.

In 1948, the Dodgers were considered an elite team. However, they had 84 wins and 70 losses, a 10-win setback from the previous year, and lost the National League pennant to the 91-win Boston Braves. There was no playoff tournament at the time, and the American and National League leaders met at the World Series.

Brooklyn Dodgers Owner Walter O’Malley became interested in purchasing a plane for the team. He met with Holman about the possibility of buying a plane. Holman offered O’Malley a used Douglas DC-3 for free that O’Malley claimed he ‘won in a crap game.’ O’Malley quickly accepted the deal, only having to pay for new engines for the aircraft.

Thus, the DC-3 became the very first MLB team airplane in history.

The ‘Bump’ Brooklyn Needed

Brooklyn Dodgers DC-3, the first MLB team airplane
The Brooklyn Dodgers’ Douglas DC-3, acquired from Eastern. It was the first MLB team airplane in aviation history. | IMAGE: Museum of Flying

The Dodgers’ DC-3 had 20 seats, so with a 40-player roster, each trip required two flights. Despite the logistical challenge, this MLB team airplane strategy paid off. The team saw more wins and greater flexibility in scheduling—even if they didn’t always clinch the pennant.

In 1949, they won 97 games and lost to the New York Yankees in the World Series. The following year, the Dodgers won 89 games, two shy of winning the National League pennant. In 1951, the Dodgers tied the New York Giants for the best record but lost in a best-of-three series to advance to the World Series. 1952 saw the Dodgers return to the World Series with 86 wins but came up short to the Yankees in seven games.

During this time, the Dodgers employed several former Eastern Airlines pilots to fly the team.

In 1953, however, Holman’s son, Harry, also known as ‘Bump,’ graduated from Florida Southern College. Bump became the Dodgers’ chief pilot at the age of 21. As a teenager, Bump was flying crop dusters and later co-piloted during commercial flights at 18.

Bump went on to fly the Dodgers for 11 seasons, in which they won the World Series in 1955, 1959, and 1963.

The Brooklyn Dodgers claimed the first MLB team airplane. Starting out as a DC-3, they later upgraded to a Convair 440.
Brooklyn Dodgers’ Convair 440 | IMAGE: San Diego Air & Space Museum

The Dodgers also upgraded their plane to a Convair 440 in 1957.

O’Malley would become good friends with Eastern Airlines president and World War I pilot Eddie Rickenbacker. Rickenbacker ordered the 440 as part of a 20-plane bundle for the airline to save money on the plane. Rickenbacker then sold the 440 to the Dodgers for only $700,000.

The Dodgers moved to Los Angeles the following year.

The Holmans After Baseball

In 1964, Bud Holman passed away from a heart attack. The tragedy prompted Bump to leave the Dodgers to take over his father’s business ventures. The Dodgers won an additional championship the following year.

Bump would later become a Quiet Birdmen member, a Seacoast Bank director, and the CEO of Sun Aviation. On 17 January 2021, he passed away under hospice care in Vero Beach at the age of 89.

The Z4: JetZero Blended Wing Aircraft Shows Potential and a Few Problems

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JetZero is developing a new blended wing aircraft suitable for passenger, military, and cargo missions. The project has attracted support from government agencies and civilian airlines. While this new design has great potential and advantages over typical aircraft, JetZero is learning that it must overcome several key disadvantages before beginning production.

JetZero Blended Wing Aircraft to Have Some Similarities to Current Aircraft

The JetZero Z4 Will Have Standard Pratt & Whitney Engines. | Image: JetZero
The JetZero Z4 Will Have Standard Pratt & Whitney Engines. | Image: JetZero

JetZero has designed its new blended wing aircraft, the Z4, to carry 250 passengers, similar to the capacity of the Boeing 757. In some ways, it will be quite similar to aircraft flying today. The Z4 can use conventional jet fuel and does not require new engine technologies. The current plans are to power the aircraft with Pratt & Whitney PW2040 engines from the same engine family used in the 757 and the US Air Force C-17 Globemaster.

The Z4 Blended Wing Aircraft Fuselage Will Have Less Drag and More Lift Than Current Designs. |Image: JetZero
The Z4 Blended Wing Aircraft Fuselage Will Have Less Drag and More Lift Than Current Designs. | Image: JetZero

Better Fuel Efficiency Due to Less Drag and More Lift

The shape of the Z4 fuselage is probably the main difference between the aircraft flying today. As the entire fuselage forms a wing, the aircraft creates less drag and has more lift from the entire wingspan. This feature leads to its most important advantage: better fuel efficiency.

JetZero estimates its blended wing design will result in as much as 50% less fuel use per passenger mile than conventional jets of similar size. For example, a Z4 flight from New York to Palma de Mallorca, Spain, would use 45% less fuel than aircraft currently flying that route.

JetZero Also Expecting Less Emissions From Blended Wing Design

Besides the Z4’s fuel savings, the JetZero blended wing design produces fewer emissions. Part of this is from being more efficient, but they also plan for it to use sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). SAF is manufactured from sustainable feedstocks like used cooking oil, animal waste fat, and solid waste such as packaging materials, paper, textiles, and food scraps. It can also come from forestry scraps like waste wood and energy crops like algae and fast-growing plants.

Both United and Delta Are Interested in SAF and Reaching Net-Zero Emission Levels. | Image: JetZero
Both United and Delta Are Interested in SAF and Reaching Net-Zero Emission Levels. | Image: JetZero

British Petroleum (BP) is working on SAF. They report that it can be blended 50-50 with other jet fuels and that aircraft require no modifications for commercial use. Some key advantages of using SAF include lowering carbon emissions, reducing particulate emissions by about 90%, and practically eliminating sulfur emissions.

Due to higher production costs, SAF is more expensive than regular fuels. However, several airlines, like United and Delta, aim to become more efficient and achieve net-zero emissions and are willing to move to SAF anyway. While the Z4 can fly with regular fuels, its overall efficiency will improve even more with SAF.

The JetZero blended wing aircraft has attracted strong interest from United and Delta. On 24 April 2025, United announced that it is investing in JetZero and plans to buy 200 Z4s. The deal will require JetZero to reach several development goals, including flying a full-scale demonstration model in 2027.

New Aircraft Must Fit Into Existing Airport Infrastructure

United also wants to ensure that the Z4 blended wing aircraft will fit into existing infrastructure like runways, taxiways, and passenger bridges. JetZero has mentioned this, but has not provided any specific details to confirm it.

Delta also has big plans for the Z4. On 05 March 2025, it announced a partnership with JetZero.

“Working with JetZero to realize an entirely new airframe and experience for customers and employees is bold and important work to advance the airline industry’s fuel-saving initiatives and innovation goals,” said Amelia DeLuca, Delta’s Chief Sustainability Officer.

With its Engines on Top of the Wing, The JetZero Blended Wing Aircraft Will be Quieter Than Current Passenger Jets. | Image: JetZero
With its Engines on Top of the Wing, The JetZero Blended Wing Aircraft Will be Quieter Than Current Passenger Jets. | Image: JetZero

Another advantage of the Z4 design is that it will be quieter than conventional passenger jets. JetZero’s design has the engines mounted above the wings, which they expect will result in less noise.

A Better Passenger Experience

The company also expects the Z4 to provide a different but better customer experience. The most noticeable difference will be that longer rows will extend across the winged fuselage instead of the several narrow columns from front to back on typical tube-shaped designs. The aircraft might have 15 to 20 rows across the cabin. This layout will allow for larger seats, more dedicated overhead space for belongings, and even a wider main door, making embarkation and debarkation easier.

The Z4 Will Have Wider Seats and More Space For Personal Belongings. | Image: JetZero
The Z4 Will Have Wider Seats and More Space For Personal Belongings. | Image: JetZero

Pressurization Biggest Hurdle For JetZero

Despite these advantages, JetZero faces several serious obstacles in developing its blended wing aircraft. The most challenging of these involves pressurization. On a typical passenger jet, the pressure is evenly distributed throughout the length and consistent width of the fuselage.

With its irregular interior shape, a blended wing aircraft finds it more challenging to distribute and maintain equal pressure in the cabin. JetZero states it will overcome this with new composite materials.

Patents May Indicate JetZero Solved Pressure Concerns

It also claims it has intellectual property that addresses the pressurization issue but has not provided any details. This possible solution might include several patents it recently received, one for a mold for aircraft components and another for carbon fiber materials and manufacturing processes.

JetZero has several other engineering challenges to overcome. These include issues with low-speed handling on takeoffs and landings and working with an overall more complex design.

US Air Force Makes Big Investment in JetZero Blended Wing Aircraft.

The hope is that the Z4 blended wing aircraft will not be limited to commercial travel. In 2023, the US Air Force invested $235 million in the aircraft. Besides the obvious fuel efficiency, the service also cited the potential for the design to be used for tanker and cargo missions.