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Soaring With a Tuskegee Airmen, Honoring Their Legacy

Last summer, original Tuskegee Airman Lt O. Lawton Wilkerson once again took to the skies in an AT-6. Not only did he fly in a plane that began his flying career nearly 75 years earlier, but he also flew it at the same place he learned how to fly – at Moton Field in Tuskegee, AL.

Lt Wilkerson was the honored guest of the Legacy Flight Academy (LFA), a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that conducts character-based youth aviation programs that draw upon the LEGACY of the Tuskegee Airmen. He was at Tuskegee to share his experiences with students from the Double Victory Flight Program, LFA’s 2-week character-development and flight training program.

“I don’t consider myself a hero, the war was over before I finished training,” he often says since he was a member of the Tuskegee Airmen’s lesser known 477th Bombardment Group. ‘Wilk’, as everyone calls him, continued sharing his story to the group of parents and youth assembled to hear him speak at the National Park Service’s historical site. “So the war ended and they didn’t know what to do with us. So, we just ended up ferrying the B-25 to different bases across the country until they figured it out.” Wilk ended up leaving the Service and eventually, we all figured out what to do with the Tuskegee Airmen – honor them for the heroes that they are!

Enter in the Legacy Flight Academy. LFA’s mission is to uphold and sustain the legacy of the Tuskegee Airmen while encouraging youth to pursue aerospace and Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) careers. Since 2015, LFA has provided over 250 youth with a free airplane flight and educated over 20,000 more with the inspirational story of The Tuskegee Airmen.

lfa3For full disclosure, the founder of LFA happens to be a good friend of mind as we struggled through our aeronautical engineering degree together from the US Air Force Academy. But don’t be mistaken, I would be impressed and inspired by LFA even if I didn’t know him, or the several other Air Force officers who volunteer their time to serve the community and honor such amazing men and women.

LFA conducts a 3-tiered program to increase awareness, provide orientation, and ensure preparation for youth to pursue aerospace careers. While their programs focus on under-represented and under-privleged youth, participation in their programs is open to anyone and their message is certainly for everyone! They teach that the Tuskegee Airmen embodied values that are beneficial to young and old alike, black or white, male or female – it is the L.E.A.G.A.C.Y. that LFA is focused on: Loyalty, Excellence, Goals, Attitude, Courage and integritY.

There’s no way to share all that LFA has accomplished or how dedicated they are in this short space, but just a few highlights of their success include being special guests at the White House Conference for Inclusive STEM Education, featured during the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Family Day, and of course, providing an original hero with a thrill and experience he will never forget.lfa2

Today, 9 April, LFA will be conducting their first #Tuskegee99 fundraiser with the goal of 99 donors to donate $99 on the 99th day of the year to honor the 99th Pursuit Squadron (the first Tuskegee Airmen unit) and to help them promote the Tuskegee Airmen Legacy. With the goal of providing 500 free flights in 2017 and reaching at least 25,000 youth and adults with this inspirational message, I’m definitely going to support them and I think that several members of the AVGeekery community will as well.

Visit their website for more information and stay tuned because we’re going to keep highlighting the incredible LEGACY of the Tuskegee Airmen and the great work by LFA to ensure that their legacy not only survives, but that it thrives!

https://www.legacyflightacademy.org/99-99-99

Sun-N-Fun Expo and Airshow Highlighted By Blue Angels, Top Aerobatic Pilots

Event kicks off this weekend in Florida.

Top civilian aerobatic teams and the latest military fighter jets will headline the largest aviation gathering in the southeast this week drawing large crowds to the excitement of the annual Sun-N-Fun Fly-in and Expo airshow.

The U.S. Navy Blue Angels will headline Sun-n-Fun’s three-day formal airshow this weekend marking their return to top airshow event since 2014. Lead by second year Commander and Boss Ryan J. Bernacchi in Angel 1, the Diamond Team includes LT Damon Kroes, LT Nate Scott, LT Lance Benson. The dynamic two solo pilots who push the envelope of what the Hornet can do are lead solo CDR Frank Weisser and opposing solo LT Tyler Davies.

The voice of America’s Pride this season will be that of LT Brandon Hempler. Hempler, Blue Angel 7 pilot, and LT Dave Steepe, will also serve as the advance pilot and events coordinator, respectfully.

“We’re extremely excited to attend Sun-N-Fun,” LT Hempler said during an interview with this aerospace journalist. “We’re gonna put on a great show. Not just the flying, but the maintainers who are out there as we perform the walk down of the jets. They’re an important part of the team as well.”

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The Air Force’s F-16 Fighting Falcon demonstration team of Shaw, AFB in South Carolina will perform each afternoon this week. Major John “Rain” Waters will pilot his F-16 performing many maneuvers which Air Force pilots use during actual combat situations. Maj. Waters will conclude his demo as he joins up with one or two P-51 Mustangs and a A-10 Wathog (scheduled) for the traditional Heritage Flight.

In contrast, Sun-N-Fun will showcase the largest collection of warbirds on display, including AT-6 Texan/ SNJ-2, P-51 Mustang, and F-4U Corsair. Two B-25 Mitchell Bombers will also be on static display and are scheduled to fly on select days.sunfun1

The aircraft known as the Pilot Maker will be well represented at Sun-N-Fun this weekend as, up first, the World Famous GEICO Skytypers Airshow Team performs on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. The GEICO Skytypers six SNJ-2 aircraft will perform the aerial demonstrations used by the pilots of America’s Greatest Generation during World War II and Korea.

Skytyper 7 pilot Ken Johansen discussed with AvGeekery.com his love for this airshow on Wednesday, “Flying at Sun-N-Fun is special because of the number of aviation enthusiasts, and the variety of classic aircraft and pilots represented. It’s a great venue to have so early in our season.”

The pilots of AeroShell Aerobatic Team — Mark Henley, Steve Gustafson, Jimmy Fordham, and Bryan Regan — will perform above the Lakeland airport aboard the Army’s version of the Navy’s SNJ-2, the AT-6 Texan. AeroShell’s four aircraft will perform several aerobatic maneuvers used by the Army Air Corps. 70 years ago.

“This is the ultimate in aviation and good times,” said longtime Sun-N-Fun attendee William Fields of Mobile, Alabama. “Each year, my wife and I fly into Lakeland to camp and watch the air show. I never miss it.”

Classroom workshops teaching the latest in aircraft design and mechanics will highlight the expo side of the week long event. Private aircraft owners will use Sun-N-Fun to network with fellow pilots and buy or sell their aircraft.

A small group of aviation enthusiasts laid the ground work for the aeronautical event in 1974, and since that moment it has grown into the second largest airshow and aviation gathering in North America. Today, the annual six day event covers over 2,000 acres just east of Tampa.

“The Fly-In is our largest fundraiser of the year,” said President and CEO of SUN ‘n FUN John Leenhouts on Tuesday. “Proceeds from all events on the SUN ‘n FUN Convention Campus throughout the year support Aerospace Center for Excellence STEM education programs, including over $430,000 annually in scholarships for students pursuing aerospace and aviation careers.”

Tickets to the family friendly event are available online or at the gate. Gates open each day at 8:00 a.m. EDT through Sunday, and the air show begins at 1:00 p.m.

(Charles A. Atkeison reports on aerospace and science. Follow his updates on social media via @Military_Flight.)

The Lady Be Good: Flight From the Desert to Oblivion

This B-24D Liberator’s Crew Never Stood a Chance Against the Endless Sahara.

On 4 April 1943, the Consolidated B-24D Liberator “Lady Be Good” and her crew of nine men took off on their first combat mission from Soluch airstrip in Benina near Benghazi in Libya to bomb the harbor of the Italian city of Naples…but flew into history instead. The aircraft disappeared without a trace. Written off as one of the thousands of American heavy bombers lost during the war, the Lady would most likely remain undiscovered and her disappearance would almost certainly remain unsolved. At least until 15 years later.

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A Consolidated B-24D Liberator pictured during landing at a Libyan airbase.

The Lady’s Crew

The Lady , also known as Consolidated B-24D Liberator serial number 41-24301 (MSN 1096), was assigned to the United States Army Air Force (USAAF) 514th Bomb Squadron of the 376th Bomb Group (Heavy). Part of a 25 bomber mission that day, the Lady was supposed to bomb Naples harbor as a part of the second wave of a two-wave attack. The Lady was crewed on that fateful day by pilot First Lieutenant William J. Hatton from Whitestone in New York, co-pilot Second Lieutenant Robert F. Toner from North Attleborough in Massachusetts, navigator Second Lieutenant D.P. Hays from Lee’s Summit in Missouri, bombardier Second Lieutenant John S. Woravka from Cleveland in Ohio, flight engineer Technical Sergeant Harold J. Ripslinger from Saginaw in Michigan, radio operator Technical Sergeant Robert E. LaMotte from lake Linden in Michigan, gunner and assistant flight engineer Staff Sergeant Guy E. Shelley from New Cumberland in Pennsylvania, gunner and assistant radio operator Staff Sergeant Vernon L. Moore from New Boston in Ohio, and gunner Staff Sergeant Samuel E. Adams from Eureka in Illinois.

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The crew of the Lady Be Good photographed prior to their first, and last, mission.

Fateful Decision to Continue the Mission

The Lady’s departure from Soluch Airstrip near Benina, Libya was routine but the Liberator ran into a Sahara desert sandstorm with high winds and obscured visibility which prevented the aircraft from joining up with the rest of the formation. Most of the other aircraft returned to Soluch upon encountering the sandstorm but the Lady continued the mission. Upon reaching Naples at approximately 1950 local time the primary target was obscured so only two of the B-24Ds dropped their bombs on the primary. Two others, including the Lady, jettisoned their bombs in the Mediterranean. The Lady flew back to the Soluch airstrip at Benina alone.

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Consolidated B-24D Liberator in flight

Flight to Oblivion

At 0012 local time command pilot Hatton radioed Soluch to indicate that his automatic direction finder (ADF) was not working properly. He asked for steer back to the base that the Lady never received. By all accounts the Lady overflew Soluch Airstrip but failed to observe flares fired from the ground to attract the crew’s attention. The Liberator continued its flight…deeper into the Sahara desert until 0200 local time when the crew abandoned the Lady, parachuting to the desert ground. The B-24D flew another 16 miles before she crashed landed in the Calanshio Sand Sea. A search and rescue mission was immediately mounted from Soluch but all efforts to locate the Lady and her crew failed to find any trace of the aircraft or the men. At that point the fate of the Lady Be Good became another unsolved mystery of the Sahara.

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The wreck of the Lady Be Good.

Lost and Then Found

The first to sight wreckage of a B-24D that could be the Lady was a British Petroleum (BP) oil exploration team roaming the Libyan deserts on 9 November 1958. When the Brits contacted the nearest American base (Wheelus Air Force Base near Tripoli in Libya), they were told that there were no records of an American plane that had been lost in the area. As a result, no immediate attempt to examine the wreckage was made but the BP team marked the location of the wreckage on their maps. Sighted from the air again on 16 May 1958 and 15 June 1958, a recovery team finally arrived at the wreck on 26 May 1959.

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The wreck of the Lady Be Good.

Like She Wanted to Land on Her Own

From the condition of the wreck it was deduced that after the crew abandoned the aircraft the Lady continued flying southward. The wreckage was in large part intact and there was evidence that suggested one engine was still operating at the time of impact. This in turn suggested that the Liberator lost altitude only gradually in a shallow descent, eventually belly landing on the desert sands. Although the plane was broken into two large pieces the desert had not ravaged the Lady quite as much as the recovery team expected.

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The wreck of the Lady Be Good photographed by the recovery team.

For the Rest of the Lady Be Good Story Bang NEXT PAGE Below

Any Closer To The Ground And It Would Be Dangerous

Today’s video is remarkable. If you’re a pilot, a bona-fide Avgeek, or just an enthusiast, you will definitely enjoy this ride! The footage was captured during a United States Air Force F-16 Viper Demonstration Team flight. But that’s not all folks. While the demonstration itself (shown from both the pilot’s perspective as well as from the ground) is a great watch, the video also includes the same two perspectives from the slot position in a four-ship Heritage Flight over the airshow.

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The F-16 is getting long in the tooth. That’s no secret. But it’s also a highly capable and versatile jet that still has a lot of good years left. While we won’t get into the entire history of the F-16 in this piece, suffice it to say that since it became operational with the Air Force in 1979, more than 4500 of them have been built and operated by 26 countries in addition to the United States Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps. It is the job of the Air Combat Command F-16 Viper Demonstration Team, based at Shaw Air Force Base in South Carolina, to make lasting memories with the F-16. They do it well.

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The Heritage Flight consists of the Lockheed P-38J Lightning “23 Skidoo” in the lead, the North American P-15D Mustang “Fragile But Agile” flying left wing, the North American F-86 Sabre “Jolley Roger” flying right wing, and the Viper Demo F-16C flying the slot position. Heritage Flights take place at many airshows with warbirds in attendance, but it’s rare to be able to see what one looks like from the slot position in a four ship diamond formation.

 

Shot during the Planes of Fame Airshow at Chino in California during 2016 in HD video and high quality audio by the Air Force and YouTuber spencerhughes2255, the video will definitely give you an appreciation for what a demo pilot like Major Craig Baker (call sign Rocket) endures during a typical 10 minute Viper flight. When the Viper Demo pilot recovers, take a look at all those warbirds on the tarmac. Chino has been one of the hotbeds of warbird activity seemingly since the dawn of flight, but it still takes one’s breath away to see so many classic airframes in the same place…and that’s just on a typical Chino day! Enjoy the video!

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BREAKING: Moonwalker Buzz Aldrin Soars with Air Force Thunderbirds, Becomes Oldest Person To Fly With Team

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. — Col. Buzz Aldrin’s voyage aboard Apollo 11 to become mankind’s second human to walk on the Moon will still top the excitement of his jet flight on Sunday with the Air Force’s Thunderbirds over America’s Space Coast.

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Photo: USAF Thunderbirds

Retired Air Force Col. and astronaut Buzz Aldrin departed Melbourne International Airport on Sunday morning in the backseat of Thunderbird 7 and flew in the diamond formation above the Kennedy Space Center and launch complex 39-A. The Apollo 11 veteran had lifted off with Neil Armstrong and Michael Collins nearly 48 years earlier from the same launch pad.

Aldrin, who turned 87 in January, became the oldest person to ever fly with the Thunderbirds. His 22-minute flight also covered the beaches of Cocoa Beach and Cape Canaveral.

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Photo: USAF Thunderbirds

The active space promoter working to get America to Mars arrived about 7:00 a.m. for the Thunderbirds traditional preflight briefing and suit-up, including helmet checks. Buzz showed his serious side during the briefing speaking little as he focused on what he will experience in flight.

Once aboard the F-16D Fighting Falcon, he paused at the top of the jet’s ladder for a few images with his name blazoned on side of the aircraft. Following ingress, Dr. Aldrin was guided by his Thunderbird 7 pilot LT. Col. Kevin Walsh as he donned his helmet, learned about the cockpit displays, and the arming of his rocket powered ejection seat.

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Photo: USAF Thunderbirds

“In 1969, Buzz Aldrin broke barriers and set foot on the moon,” Thunderbirds spokesperson Capt. Sara Harper said from the flight line on Sunday. “He is a true American hero and pioneer. We are proud of his accomplishments and the legacy he represents every day.”

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Photo: USAF Thunderbirds

Cheers from the flight line erupted as Walsh steered him and Buzz back to the tarmac and parked. Buzz looked fit as he left the aircraft and he did not get sick in flight.

 
(Charles A. Atkeison reports on aerospace and science. Follow his updates on social media via @Military_Flight.)

WestJet Changes Its Name To Canada Air–Well Sorta

WestJet makes announcement with a new video highlighting how Canadian they are.

This time of year, its nearly impossible to tell truth from fake news.  WestJet had some April Fools fun by letting the world know that Canadians are better than any other country.  Their friendliness, diversity, and generosity sets Canadians apart from the rest of the world. In honor of the 150th birthday of Canada, WestJet has decided to change its name to Canada Air.  In front of a Boeing 737-700, WestJet unveiled its new and shortest-lived livery.

It’s all fake news…

Only its not real.  We’ve been had by another April Fools joke!

To be honest, it wasn’t their best viral video gig. The commercial was a bridge too far.  After all, why would anyone change the name of Canada’s second largest airline to a name that is the inverse of their main competitor?  It still made us chuckle though. And true avgeeks wouldn’t mind seeing a new paint scheme with colors that kind of like the old Hartford Whalers logo.

While enjoyable, we have to say that this wasn’t their best work. WestJet’s Christmas videos are amazing and hit viewers right in the ‘feels’.  Still though, kudos to an airline for finding ways to keep the flying experience light hearted.

GEICO Skytypers, Thunderbirds headline Melbourne’s Air and Space Show

The precision flight of the GEICO Skytypers six aircraft will take to the skies above America’s Space Coast this weekend as they join the Air Force Thunderbirds and top civilian aerobatic pilots at the Air and Space Show.

The Skytypers soar aboard six sleek 1940 SNJ-2 single-prop aircraft. The silver SNJ, Navy’s version of the Army’s T-6 Texan, was used by the pilots of the second World War and Korea to practice their flying skills and prepare for combat in the skies.

The squadron’s popularity has risen as they continue to co-headline many of the nation’s top air shows performing with both the Blue Angels and the Air Force Thunderbirds. The team is slotted to perform at around 1:20 p.m. on each day.fs3

“It’s a very dynamic demo with a lot of things happening very quickly with some maneuvers a tribute to the era of the generation of these World War II airplanes,” Skytyper 1 and commanding officer Larry Arken stated on Friday as we stood on the flight line. “Other things are done for the spectators view like a heart or a bomb burst, and other maneuvers are tactical maneuvers which the military still uses.”

The squadron is lead by Arken, with Chris Thomas, Ken Johansen, Chris Orr, Steve Salmirs, and Tom Daly as pilots of aircraft 2 thru 6. Skytyper 7 pilots include Jim Record and Bob Johansen as the team’s advance pilots. The Skytypers 20 minute demonstration will tell the story of the dizzying maneuvers executed by the pilots 70 years ago during air-to-air combat.

“There is no better place to begin our 2017 season than on Florida’s Space Coast!” Team spokesperson Brenda Little said as the World Famous GEICO Skytypers Air Show Team prepared to rehearse on Friday. “This air show has become a favorite for a few of the team members.”

On the ground, the Skytypers spend their time at each air show site visiting hospitals and education centers with their public outreach program. The team has also been know to host student groups at the air show for a group discussion plane side, and the chance to climb aboard their aircraft.

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Melbourne International Airport will be center stage for the two-day air show designed to spark interest in both aviation and honor the United States military. Beautiful weather will keep aviators on time each day as the opening ceremonies get underway at 11:30 a.m. Tickets for the air show remain available for both days via their web site or at the gate.

The dynamic sky show will begin with the National Anthem followed by the civilian pilots performances. A rare performance of an F-35 Lightning II is scheduled to take to the air at about 2:00 p.m., and will take part in the traditional airshow remembrance moment known as the Heritage Flight. The Thunderbirds will take-off minutes later aboard their sleek F-16C Fighting Falcons at about 3:10 p.m. to begin their 40-minute flight demonstration.

Melbourne airshow officials promises a fleet of vintage and current aircraft, both civilian and military, will be on display this weekend. Guests can get up close with several historic aircraft poised on the airport’s tarmac as aircraft engines echo and jets screech across the sky above.

(Charles A. Atkeison reports on aerospace and science. Follow his updates on social media via @Military_Flight.)

The Whale: Skywarriors Were Huge and Hugely Flexible Jets

The A3D Was Larger Than Life and Twice as Heavy But Did Every Job Exceedingly Well

On March 31st 1956 the Douglas A3D-1 Skywarrior entered service with United States Navy Heavy Attack Squadron One (VAH-1) Smokin’ Tigers. Better known as “The Whale”, the A3D would go on to perform several roles over its 35 year career with the Navy. Only 282 Whales were built between 1956 and 1962, but they did everything asked of them well. Whales were the largest and heaviest aircraft ever to deploy aboard and routinely operate from aircraft carriers. The combination of that size and weight, coupled with the narrow track of the Whale’s landing gear, made every carrier recovery an adventure. In order to operate Whales, carriers had to turn their arresting gear engines and catapult systems “up to 11.”

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Image via US Navy

Big For a Sinister Reason

The first operational Navy carrier-based strategic (atomic) bomber was the hybrid jet and propeller driven North American AJ Savage. Douglas was asked to design an all-jet powered, carrier-based strategic bomber in 1948. The new design would operate from the proposed “super-carrier” United States class, therefore size was less of a consideration than payload. The atomic bombs of the day were exceedingly large and heavy, so the loaded weight requirement for the design was 100,000 pounds. That’s a whopping 50 tons to you and me! Whale indeed.

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Image via US Navy

Penned by a Legend and His Team

Ed Heinemann of the Douglas design team, considering the possibility that the carrier United States might be cancelled, designed the A3D to operate from the aircraft carriers in service at the time. While still whale-like at 68,000 pounds loaded weight, the Skywarrior was comparatively svelte and considerably smaller than the other designs in consideration. Within weeks the United States was indeed cancelled, and the Navy Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer) awarded the contract to Douglas on September 29th 1949. Don’t confuse the Whale with the Air Force’s Douglas B-66 Destroyer. The Destroyer started out as a modified Skywarrior but paths diverged quickly. In service the two aircraft shared few common parts or assemblies.

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Image via US Navy

Waiting for the Power to Shine

Douglas had their hands full designing and building an aircraft as large and heavy as the A3D for carrier use. The prototype XA3D-1 Skywarrior first flew on October 28th 1952. Besieged by issues with the available engines and complicated landing gear required by the design, it took another four years to get the A3D into service. Ironically the Skywarrior would eventually operate from the decks of all Navy attack aircraft carrier classes- from the smaller Essex-class all the way up to the Nimitz-class.

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Image via US Navy

Finally- a Turbojet Engine Worthy of the Name

The A3D was not really a revolutionary design apart from its sheer size and weight. Equipped with folding wings as well as a folding vertical stabilizer, the Whale was always the easiest aircraft to identify on a carrier deck- it was still huge even when all folded up. The original J40 engines intended to power the aircraft turned out to be unsuitable and they were replaced with the widely-used and proven Pratt & Whitney J57 turbojets- which also powered everything from Boeing B-52 Stratofortresses and 707 commercial airliners to Lockheed U-2s and Vought F-8 Crusaders. A distinctive A3D design feature is the hollow point bullet-shaped oil cooler installed in each nacelle in front of the engine.

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Image via US Navy

Crews and Tales of Tails

Skywarriors carried crews ranging in size from three to seven or even more- none of whom sat in ejection seats. The less popular and more morbid nickname for the Whale became “All 3 Dead”, derived from the aircraft designator but referring to the lack of a way to quickly exit the aircraft in extremis. Electronic warfare, VIP transport, and training versions of the Whale carried personnel in the pressurized bomb bay. The A3D-1 Whales were equipped with twin remote controlled 20 millimeter cannon mounted in their tails. Electronic countermeasures “boat tails” replaced the guns in short order on most of the Whales. Others simply had the guns removed and the original production tail left in place.

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Image via US Navy

Record Cross-Country

On July 31st 1956, an A3D-1 Skywarrior flew nonstop and unrefueled from Hawaii to New Mexico (3200 miles) in just 5 hours and 40 minutes. In 1957 two A3D-1s launched from the aircraft carrier Bonne Homme Richard (CVA-19) and trapped aboard the aircraft carrier USS Saratoga (CVA-60). This flight is unremarkable except that Bonnie Dick was steaming in the Pacific Ocean and Super Sara was underway in the Atlantic Ocean at the time.

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Image via US Navy

For More Whale Tales Bang NEXT PAGE Below.

WATCH: Heroic World Airlines Pilots Flew Overloaded 727 on the Last Flight Out of Da Nang

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They Landed Without Clearance, Then Took Off From a Taxiway While Under Fire- But They Evacuated Hundreds.

This video, titled “Last Flight Out of Da Nang”, recounts the heroic efforts of World Airways to fly refugees out of the besieged South Vietnamese city of Da Nang and take them to comparatively safe Saigon. First aired on the CBS Evening News on March 30th 1975, the story is told through news broadcast footage, interviews with World Airways chairman Edward Daly, and pilots and airline officials involved in the effort. This is truly eye-opening stuff. Other broadcasts relating to World’s involvement in the rescue effort that aired on subsequent broadcasts are also included in the video.

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Why World Airways?

World Airways became a key military contractor during the Vietnam War. For the majority of America’s involvement in Vietnam they flew troops and equipment back and forth between World’s base at Oakland International Airport and Southeast Asia. Flying a mix of Boeing 707, 727, and Douglas DC-8 aircraft, World would be thrust into a maelstrom of humanity and nearly lose several hundred lives while attempting to help refugee women and children get out of Da Nang.

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727 via Boeing

Against All the Rules and Most Odds

World and Daly were chartered by the United States Government to make 20 evacuation flights out of Da Nang. When the United States Embassy cancelled contract after only three flights, Daly took matters into his own hands. On March 29th 1975 Daly took two World Airways 727-100s into Da Nang without clearance or permission. One of the 727s was unable to land. The other 727 was carrying Daly. Forced to lift off from a taxiway when the runways were blocked by abandoned vehicles and humanity, the airliner was fired upon and sustained severe damage to the fuel tanks and flaps. The 727 had used its under-tail air stair to load the passengers. Daly was forced to stand his ground at the air stair so the aircraft would not be too overloaded to take off at all. As it was, 268 people were crammed into the cabin and another 60 or so jammed themselves into the cargo holds which had been left open on the ground.

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727 via Boeing

Masterful Indeed

In a masterful piece of flying, the World Airways pilots landed the overloaded aircraft, nearly out of fuel, with the damage to the wings and flaps causing controllability problems, main landing gear unable to retract due to human beings in the gear wells, and the aft air stair stuck in the open position, some 90 minutes after leaving Da Nang. The human side of this tragedy is that World and Daly had flown into Da Nang to rescue refugee women and children. Instead, aside from the five women and two or three children aboard, the flight carried nearly all South Vietnamese military personnel- about 300 of them.

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727 via Boeing

Continued Support for the South Vietnamese

World Airways and Daly flew a DC-8 freighter into Saigon a few days later and rescued 58 Vietnamese orphans. Dubbed “Operation Baby Lift” by President Ford, this flight was the impetus for the continuing effort to bring nearly 3,000 orphans to the United States. Footage of the aftermath of this flight (a much more joyous occasion) is included in the video as well.

Before “Hot Shots”, There was This Crazy Gag Comedy Made By Carrier Air Group 12 Sailors

Warning: You Are Likely to Lose All Track of Time Watching This Film!

Today’s look back at aviation history is a real knee slapper that would probably never get made in this day and age. The film, “Launch ‘Em”, was made by Carrier Air Group 12 while returning to the United States after their 1955-1956 Far East deployment aboard the carrier USS Hancock (CV-19). A gag film in the finest traditions of Naval Aviation, this one will make you laugh out loud even if you’re not familiar with the goings on aboard an aircraft carrier. It is said that the film was made scarce during the 1960s because it was “politically incorrect” (they had that back then?) but I think the viewing public these days is sophisticated enough to realize the flick is a comedy from beginning to end- entirely unlike some of our more recently highlighted films such as Ready on Arrival.

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AD-5 Skyraider of VA-125 Rough Raiders pictured on the flight deck of USS Hancock in 1955.

At the time of the making of this comedy film, Carrier Air Group 12 consisted of VF-121 Pacemakers flying Grumman F9F-8 Cougars, VF-124 Gunfighters flying Vought F7U-3 Cutlasses, VA-125 Rough Raiders flying Douglas AD-5 and AD-6 Skyraiders, VMJ-1 Detachment G flying McDonnell F2H-2P (photo) Banshees, VC-3 Blue Nemesis Detachment G flying McDonnell F2H-3 Banshees, VC-6 Firebees Detachment G flying North American AJ-2 Savages, VC-61 Eyes of the Fleet Detachment G flying Grumman F9F-6P (photo) Panthers, VC-35 Night Hecklers Detachment G flying Douglas AD-5N (night attack) Skyraiders, VC-11 Early Eleven Detachment G flying Douglas AD-5W (early warning) Skyraiders, and HU-1 Pacific Fleet Angels Detachment G flying Piasecki HUP helos.

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USS Hancock (CV-19) pictured during her 1955-1956 Far East deployment with Carrier Air Group 12 embarked.

VF-121 receives top billing in the film but it’s obvious many of the air group personnel and ship’s company were also involved in this celluloid caper. Thankfully the CAG wakes up from his exceedingly bad dream at the end of the film. Literally a laugh a minute, “Launch ‘Em” is the forefather of Fighter Fling, Rhino Ball, and other gag / cruise videos still being produced (and thoroughly enjoyed) today.

Thanks to Periscope Film for uploading a watchable copy of the film and to our Facebook followers for suggesting it.

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Popular Wings Over the Golden Isles Airshow Draws Top Attendance Numbers

Great weather and top military and civilian aerobatic performers drew better than expected crowds as coastal Georgia’s Wings Over the Golden Isles launched its inaugural airshow event during the three-day weekend.

Headline performers included the U.S. Navy’s Blue Angels, the Air Force F-22 Raptor, and AeroShell Aerobatic Team to the Peach State’s first coastal airshow in two decades. Air show management estimated by Sunday afternoon 55,000 visitors attended during the entire weekend.

airshow3“JLC AirShow Management is very appreciative of the support from the local community and hopes to make this an annual event for the Golden Isles area,” JLC AirShow Management president John L. Cowman said on Sunday. Organizers did hint that Brunswick would love to have the airshow back again next Spring.

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“Local law enforcement, Fire officials, and the Brunswick-Golden Isles Airport were in place, and were tremendous and encouraging for a possible 2018 show,” Airshow spokesperson Brenda Little said at the close of Sunday’s final events. “We had expected 50,000 to attend, and so the extra 5% was a warm welcome for us and the entire airshow community.”

The airshow officially opened Friday night with the power of the F-22 and several civilian performers lighting up the darkening sky brief show. As night fell upon the airport, the patriotic music of Ladies for Liberty kicked-off a concert special headlined by the southern rock band .38 Special.

It wasn’t just the flying which attracted extra visitors to the Golden Isles air show. Saturday’s Parade of Veterans offered a unique tribute to those men and women who had served and are currently serving in the United States Armed Forces.

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Bob Braack’s Smoke-n-Thunder JetCar, Michael Goulian piloting his Extra 330SC; Scott Yoak and his Quicksilver P-51D; and Buck Roetman and his yellow Christen Eagle also performed over the Golden Isles airfield. Several aircraft on static display attracted crowds of photographers each day as the rarely seen Navy’s F-35C Lightning II, and Donald Trump’s own Trump One stood poised near the airport’s flight line.

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As April arrives, so will the 75th anniversary of the Doolitle Raiders flight to Tokyo. That mission occurred just four months following Pearl Harbor, and gave needed boost to the Allies fighting in the Pacific theater. On hand, a similar B-25 Mitchell Bomber performed during the show, and was later moved closer to the crowd for an upclose look at the historic aircraft.

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(Charles Atkeison reports on aerospace and technology. Follow his live updates on social media via @Military_Flight.)

Mach Loop Never Ceases To Amaze…Watch Both The Pilot and Avgeek’s Viewpoints

The Mach Loop is on the Short List of Best Places to Avgeek

In the United Kingdom, in west-central Wales, there are a series of valleys known as the Machynlleth Loop. Named for the town of Machynlleth (don’t ask me how to pronounce it) at the south end of the area, there’s not really all that much to see there unless you’re looking for picturesque green valleys, hills perfect for climbing about, and cold-water lakes that reflect the perfect blue of the skies above- when of course it isn’t cloudy.

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IMAGE VIA US AIR FORCE/DVIDS

An International Favorite

Through these sparsely-populated valleys, at high speed and often very low level, fly Royal Air Force (RAF) Boeing CH-47 Chinooks and AH-64 Apaches, Eurofighter Typhoons, Panavia Tornados, BAE Hawks, Short Tucanos, and yes, even Lockheed C-130J Hercules transports. The RAF plays host to a number of other countries who also use the Mach Loop for low-level flight training.

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By Chris Lofting [GFDL 1.2 (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.2.html) or GFDL 1.2 (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.2.html)], via Wikimedia Commons

US Air Force Represents

United States Air Force Bell-Boeing CV-22 Ospreys, Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt IIs, Lockheed MC-130H Combat Talon and MC-130J Commando II transports, McDonnell-Douglas (Boeing) F-15C Eagles and F-15E Strike Eagles, and more recently Lockheed-Martin F-22 Raptors also fly the Mach Loop.

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IMAGE via US Air Force/DVIDS

An Actual Tourist Destination

Some of the finest photographs of tactical aircraft flying at low level have been captured by photographers and videographers peppered among these hills and valleys. The area, also referred to as RAF Tactical Training Area 7T, is situated under Low Flying Area 7. It all adds up to a bucket-list destination for aviation enthusiasts and photographers from all over the world. Many times observers actually look down at the aircraft as they fly by, and when humidity levels are up in the valleys the aircraft produce vapor trails when pulling Gs as they maneuver. Everyone loves a vapor trail. The RAF even publishes a timetable for Mach Loop flight activity. Vacation packages are available!

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Image via David Tanner

Practice Makes for Practical Mission Success

Nap-of-the-earth (NOE) flight is a critical skill for pilots of tactical aircraft. Hedgehopping, terrain-masking, ground-hugging, whatever you call it- the whole idea with NOE is to avoid detection in high-threat environments during approach to the target. When flying down in the weeds it is also less likely that the sound of the aircraft will give it away. These tactics have been proven to work time and time again. One example is the terrain masking used by the helicopters carrying SEAL Team 6 into Pakistan during Operation Neptune Spear– the mission to eliminate Osama bin Laden in May of 2011.

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Image via US Air Force/DVIDS

Once Upon a Time at High Altitude

Back in the heady days of the late 1950s and early 1960s, before the advent of effective Soviet radar and surface-to-air missiles (SAMs), attacks were planned and aircraft designed and built for high-altitude penetration. When Francis Gary Powers’ U-2 was shot out of the sky over Sverdlovsk by a Soviet SAM on May 1st 1960, everything changed.

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image via Dafydd phillips

Changing Times Changed the Formula

There are many military operations areas (MOAs) in the United States, but none of them are as accessible to civilian photographers and videographers or in use as often as the Mach Loop.

Videos of various and sundry aircraft negotiating the Mach Loop shot from the ground are, while awesome in many ways, still just airplanes flying by. But a video shot from the cockpit of an aircraft in flight through the Welsh valleys is an entirely awesome way to experience the Mach Loop. Enjoy.

Pilot’s View:

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And another Pilot’s View:

(of a different aircraft flying the same Mach Loop)

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Avgeek’s Viewpoint

( of F-15s in the Mach Loop– Video by Elwyn R on YouTube)

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Title Photo by Peng Chen.

Aeroshell Aerobatic Team highlights Wings Over the Golden Isles Airshow

The aircraft used to train the top allied pilots during World War II broke through the clouds of generations past over the weekend to perform high above the inaugural Wings Over the Golden Isles Air show.

The four AT-6 Texans of the AeroShell Aerobatic Team demonstrated maneuvers over the airfield of Brunswick-Golden Isles airport on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. As the first airshow on Georgia’s coast in 20 years, the Golden Isles event gave the public a first-class military and civilian aerobatic show.

These planes are not the supersonic aircraft of today, but they were what gave America and Britian the upperhand as World War II, and later Korea, made the need for new, untrained military pilots so important.

Upon take-off, the pilots of AeroShell — Mark Henley, Steve Gustafson, Jimmy Fordham, and Bryan Regan — quickly move into their signature diamond formation to set up for the first routine of their demonstration. It is during this time that friendly but informative chatter fills each pilot’s headset to ensure the team is ready.

As the six red and white single-prop aircraft drop down for a low pass over the runway, aircraft 2, 3, and 4 switch to “smoke-on”. The rising cheer and applause from the crowd of nearly 40,000 seem to help give the aircraft an extra lift as they begin to dart skyward.

“People don’t understand that these airplanes are all veterans of the military — they served their country and trained our pilots to fly,” Steve Gustafson explained as we spoke on the Brunswick flightline on Friday. “The instructor sat in the back seat and the student in the front. They had machine guns and rocketry and you taught them. They left their training in these aircraft and graduated up to the fighters, and then went straight into battle.”

As the smoke trails of the AeroShell planes laid three white verticle contrails in the blue sky, the crowd’s attention stayed focus on the rare sight of four Texans flying in tight formation. Then suddenly, they began to fly inverted and then come down to form a clean loop over the airfield.

“They’re called the pilot maker, and when you got out of these a pilot was ready to go,” Gustafson added. “And, to fly these aircraft takes a little more expertiese than any other aircraft to fly. It’s alot of fun.”

His admiration for the advance trainer continues at an all time high as he just surpassed over 5,000 hours of flight time in his AeroShell plane alone.

For his teammate, Bryan Regan, their job was one of a childhood dream.

“This is the kind of thing I dreamed of as a kid,” Regan said as we stood near his Texan minutes after landing. Regan discussed after earning his pilots license and performing at airshows during the 1990’s, AeroShell hired him in 2009 to replace the team’s founding member, Allen Henley. “It was a fit right from the start, and I have been with AeroShell ever since.”
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Regan is looking forward to a busy 2017 airshow season which will take the AeroShell team to several international show sites, including the southern and central United States. Pausing to look over at his aircraft, a modest grin of appreciation for his job grew.

“I’ve done so much work at training to fly the Texan, and I enjoy doing the work to get good at it,” Regan added. “I’m not going to say I’m the best, but I’m pretty good.”

(Charles A Atkeison reports on aerospace and technology. Follow his updates on social media via @Military_Flight.)

WATCH: This is What Carrier Aviation Looked Like When The Beatles Ruled the Airwaves

Aboard the Indy with CVW-7 Sailing with the Tonkin Gulf Yacht Club

Here’s another gem from days gone by. This film, entitled ‘Ready on Arrival”, is a look at life aboard the aircraft carrier USS Independence (CVA-62) during her May 1965 through December 1965 Western Pacific (WestPac) deployment to the South China Sea off the coast of Vietnam. Shot at the opposite end of the Vietnam War from our recent find highlighting flight ops aboard the Midway during her 1972 WestPac, the film was sponsored by Grumman in cooperation with the Navy and narrated by the voice of 20th century educational films Alexander Scourby (when you hear it you’ll know). There is some footage spliced in from other sources and the narration is just a little bit tedious at times, but for good-quality footage of mid-60s, orange flight suit, American carrier aviation flight deck action, and life while deployed, it’s worth every minute. The film was uploaded to YouTube by AIRBOYD. Enjoy!

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It Takes a Carrier Air Wing

Carrier Air Wing Seven (CVW-7) plays a large part in the film. The Indy and CVW-7 were on their first (and last until 1990) WestPac when the footage was shot. The film features the McDonnell Douglas F-4B Phantom IIs of VF-41 Black Aces (call sign Fast Eagle) and VF-84 Jolly Rogers (call sign Victory), the Grumman A-6A Intruders of VA-75 Sunday Punchers (call sign Flying Ace), and the Douglas A-4E Skyhawks of VA-72 Blue Hawks (call sign Decoy) and VA-86 Sidewinders (call sign Winder).

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The Rest of the Cast

Also aboard are the North American RA-5C Vigilantes of RVAH-1 Smokin’ Tigers (call sign Comanche Trail), the Grumman E-1B Tracers of VAW-12 Bats Detachment 62, the Douglas A-3B Skywarriors of VAH-4 Fourrunners Detachment 62 (call sign Holly Green), the Douglas EA-1F Skyraiders of VAW-13 Zappers Detachment 1 (call sign Robinson), the Douglas EA-3B Skywarriors of VQ-1 World Watchers Detachment 62 (call sign Deep Sea), the Douglas RA-3B Skywarriors of VAP-61 World Recorders (call sign Quiz Show), and the Kaman UH-2A Seasprites of HC-2 Fleet Angels Detachment 62.

USS Independence, American aircraft carrier.

Youthly Puresome Bagging Those Traps…

Flying with the Sidewinders during this WestPac was none other than Youthly Puresome himself, also known as CDR Jack D. Woodul UNSR (ret). This was Youthly’s first deployment flying A-4E Skyhawks with CVW-7. He recently recalled a particularly hairy mission he flew during this WestPac against the Cao Nung bridge in an exclusive interview he did with me for Avgeekery.com which can be enjoyed right here.

Aircraft preparing to launch from an aircraft carrier.

 

The Crusader: History Making Fighter Set Records Over 32 Years of Service

When You’re Out of F-8s, You’re Out of Fighters!

On 25 March 1955 test pilot John Konrad lifted off for the first time (and went supersonic) in the prototype Vought F8U Crusader. Over the next 32 years in United States service (and an additional 13 years with the French), the “Last of the Gunfighters” would set speed records, shoot down MiGs using guns and missiles in Vietnam, provide critical photographic proof of Soviet missiles in Cuba, take off, fly, and land in one piece with its wings folded (on more than one occasion), control drones, perform an aerial toilet paper wrap job on at least one pesky Russian trawler, and become an almost mythical aircraft universally loved by all who flew it.

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Lofty Goals

In September of 1952, the United States Navy Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer) generated a requirement for a new single-seat, jet-propelled, carrier-based fighter. The new jet was to be capable of Mach 1.2 speeds at 30,000 feet, climb rates of 25,000 feet per minute, landing speeds below 100 miles per hour, and was to be armed with four 20 millimeter cannon.

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A Strong Start

BuAer ordered three Vought XF8U-1 prototypes in June of 1953. After the first prototype flew on the 25 March 1955, Vought’s development of the Crusader went so smoothly that the second prototype and the first production F8U-1 both flew on the same day- 30 September 1955. Carrier qualifications were conducted aboard the USS Forrestal (CVA-59) in April of 1956. Next the Crusader prototypes were evaluated by Air Test and Evaluation Squadron 3 (VX-3) at the Naval Air Weapons Station at China Lake in California.

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Unmatched Performance

On 21 August 1956 a prototype Crusader flown by Navy Commander Robert W. Windsor set a new level flight speed record of 1,015.428 miles per hour. On 6 June 1957, a VX-3 Crusader was launched from the carrier USS Bon Homme Richard (CVA-31) off the west coast. After a flight covering 2,200 miles the aircraft trapped aboard the USS Saratoga (CVA-60) off the east coast. Flight time was a record-breaking three hours and 28 minutes.

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Faster Than a Speeding Astronaut

Marine Corps Major John H. Glenn completed the first supersonic transcontinental flight while flying a photo-reconnaissance F8U-1P on 16 July 1957. Glenn’s record flight, dubbed Project Bullet, took him from Naval Air Station Los Alamitos in California to Floyd Bennett Field just south of Manhattan in New York City in only three hours, 23 minutes, and 8 seconds.

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The Crusader: History Making Fighter Set Records Over 32 Years of Service 54

The “teeth” of the Crusader were the four fuselage-mounted 20 millimeter cannon as per the BuAer requirement. A retractable tray mounting up to 32 unguided Mighty Mouse folding fin aerial rockets (FFARs) was located in the bottom of the fuselage of F8U-1s but was sealed on subsequent variants. Also eventually present were fuselage-mounted pylons capable of mounting two, and later four, AIM-9 Sidewinder heat-seeking air-to-air missiles. Later variants of the Crusader would add two wing-mounted weapons pylons.

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Things That Go Boom

Crusaders were powered by an afterburning Pratt & Whitney J57 turbojet engine. The afterburner had two speeds- off or on. The on setting gave the pilot full afterburner and off…well, you get the idea. Unlike later designs, there were no zones or graduated afterburner power settings. It was all or nothing- and often a barely controlled explosion of thrust (and unwarned bystanders hitting the deck) when the burner was lit off. But when lightly loaded, the Crusader possessed nearly a 1 to 1 thrust to weight ratio.

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Wings of Gold

A unique aspect of the Crusader design was its variable-incidence wing. The wing was basically hinged at the rear attachment point and the leading edge could be hydraulically raised up to 7 degrees. The raised leading edge increased the angle of attack for the wing without reducing forward visibility. The wing was also equipped with maneuvering slats and dog-tooth notches at the wing fold joints. Coupled with the all-moving horizontal tail surfaces, these design innovations enabled the Crusader to maneuver effectively over a wider range of speeds.

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For more of the Crusader story bang NEXT PAGE below

Blue Angels, F-22 Raptor to headline Golden Isles Airshow this weekend

Coastal Georgia’s first air show in twenty years is poised for take-off over Brunswick this weekend as the Wings Over the Golden Isles hosts the Navy’s Blue Angels, F-22 Raptor, and many more military and civilian aircraft.

The two-day event actually begins with a twilight air show Friday evening featuring the F-22, civilian aircraft, and followed by a concert lineup headlined by the southern rock band .38 Special.

This air show’s star-studded lineup includes the Navy’s own flight demonstration team the Blue Angels, who is expected to draw in an estimated 70,000 attendees. The Blue’s six blue and yellow F/A-18C Hornets will take-off at around 3:00 p.m. each day to begin their flight demonstrations.

The Delta Team will split into a Diamond and two solos minutes later as they perform nearly 30 maneuvers demonstrating the handling characteristics of the Navy’s Hornet aircraft. Stay alert for the solos’ famous sneak pass from behind the crowd.

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The Air Force F-22 Raptor will perform over the Golden Isles as the popular 21st century stealth jet demonstrates many of its military maneuvers at low altitudes. Raptor pilot Major Dan “Rock” Dickinson will put the F-22 through many gravity defying air strike maneuvers, and will later soar wingtip to wingtip with a P-51 Mustang during the hugely popular Heritage Flight.

Golden Isles to welcome top civilian performers

Many top aerobatic performers immediately signed on for this inaugural Golden Isles airshow including pilots Mike Wiskus, Michael Goulian piloting his Extra 330SC; Scott Yoak and his Quicksilver P-51D; and Buck Roetman and his yellow Christen Eagle. On the ground, Bill Braack and his Smoke-n-Thunder Jet Car will scream down the airport’s runway powered by 7,500 pounds of thrust as it races a low flying aircraft.

“All of the Smoke-n-Thunder JetCar Team is excited to be performing at the inaugural Wings Over the Golden Isle Airshow,” exclaimed Bill as we stood near his popular jet car on Monday. “JLC Airshow Management has put together a first class airshow for the Brunswick community and we look forward to performing for the tens of thousands of airshow fans that will be turning out to see the show.”

Speaking with Bill Braack, you can feel his energy as the longtime air show veteran spoke about his performances, “Driving a car that is powered by a 12,000 horsepower turbine engine is the ultimate rush. When I light the afterburner I experience more G’s than an F-18 launching off of an aircraft carrier. It is the ultimate E-ticket ride.”

The jet car pilot then turned toward the flight line with a grin and said, “I can’t wait to race Buck in his high performance Pitts aircraft at this inaugural Golden Isles airshow.”

Originally constructed in 1942 by the U.S. Navy as a base for military blimps, NAS Glynco became Glynco Airport in 1975, and later Brunswick Golden Isles Airport in 2003. Today, the airport features a newly improved 8,000-foot, grooved asphalt runway used by both private, commercial, and military aircraft.

The historic flight of a squadron of World War II aircraft will come to life as Aeroshell Aerobatic Team performs each afternoon over the Brunswick airfield. The six pilots who make up this exciting demonstration team will put their AT-6 Texan through several close formation aerobatics.

“The AeroShell Aerobatic Team flies a routine similar to the modern jet teams, but we do it in World War II propeller driven advance trainers,” lead pilot of Aeroshell Mark Henley said on Monday. “We fly the North American Aviation AT-6 which was built during WWII.”

“Our airplanes are completely stock other than radio equipment and non military paint,” Henley continued as we walked past their six red and white aircraft, each sporting a checker board nose. “Most people watching our performance will notice that we keep it up close. The AT-6 will attain speeds up to 250 mph and it is nimble enough to keep the maneuvers in front of the crowd.”

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Top static aircraft and a Kidz Zone

On the ground, the Navy’s F-35C Lightning II is the fifth generation strike fighter will be on display during the air show. This F-35 is a carrier variant designed for take-off and landing from an aircraft carrier. It’s for that reason the C model has a larger wingspan and can carry more fuel than the Air Force’s A Model or the Marines B model. To witness an F-35 up close is a rare treat for the public.

Other popular static displays include the Air Force’s C-17 Globemaster will be poised among the many popular aircraft on static display. A C-130 Hercules, T-38 Talon, and an F/A-18 Hornet are only a few which will be on hand to offer guests an up close view.

The popular Kid Zone near the static aircraft will allow children a fun way to pass the time during the aerobatic performances. Aircraft themed air slides, jump houses and more will be available all day during both days, air show management confirmed on Friday.

Tickets for the airshow and parking remain available online at WingsOverGoldenIsles.com, and will be sold at the gate on Saturday and Sunday beginning at 8:00 a.m. Gates open at 5:30 p.m. on Friday evening, and 9:00 a.m. on both Saturday and Sunday.

(Charles A Atkeison reports on aerospace and technology. Follow his updates on social media via @Military_Flight.)

WATCH: How Well Do You Know the Blue Angels?

The Blue Angels Have Flown the F/A-18 for More Than 30 years.  What Else Have They Flown?

The Unites States Navy Flight Demonstration Team, otherwise known as the Blue Angels, usually begin their performance season at Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake in California. The Blue Angels have been flying McDonnell Douglas (Boeing) F/A-18 Hornets since the 1987 show season. For 70 years the Blues have been thrilling crowds with their precision aerobatic routines. For thirty of those years the performances have been flown in Hornets. What aircraft did the Blues use before they started flying the F/A-18?ba1

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The Blue Angels turned in their McDonnell Douglas F-4J Phantom IIs at the end of their 1973 show season. For 1974 and through the next 13 years the Blues would fly the ultra-maneuverable McDonnell Douglas A-4F Skyhawk. Weighing about one quarter the weight of an F-4J and with the uprated Pratt & Whitney J53-P408 engines, the A-4F was also considerably less expensive to fly and maintain than the F-4J.

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Official US Navy photograph

The first Blue Angels show performed in the new Skyhawks took place in Omaha Nebraska on May 18th, 1974. The Blues were flying A-4Fs with modifications including inverted fuel system tweaks, pilot restraint systems, strengthened outboard aileron hinge fittings, VHF radios, drogue chutes, built-in folding ladders, smoke systems, and elevator fuel systems.

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Official US Navy photograph

When the Blues Angels were formed by World War II ace Roy Marlin “Butch” Voris in 1946, they first flew the World War II-era Grumman F6F-5 Hellcat. From later in 1946 until 1949 the Blues flew the Grumman F8F-1 Bearcat. Next up was the first jet flown by the Blues, the Grumman F9F-2 / F9F-5 Panther. Beginning in 1954 the team performed in their first swept-wing jet, the Grumman F9F-8 Cougar. Following the Cougar was the team’s first supersonic jet, the Grumman F-11 Tiger. In 1969 the team began flying their first twin-engine jet, the McDonnell-Douglas F-4J Phantom II. Then came the Skyhawk, followed by the Hornet. Now the Blues fly the Boeing F/A-18E and F/A-18F Super Hornet.

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Supporting aircraft flown by the Blues have included the Douglas R4D (C-47) Skytrain, the Curtiss R5C (C-46) Commando, the Douglas R5D (C-54) Skymaster, the Lockheed C-121 Super Constellation. Since 1970 the all-Marine Corps-manned Lockheed C-130 Hercules, affectionately known as Fat Albert, has supported the Blue Angels and also performed a warm-up routine for airshow crowds before the blue jets take center stage. The latest Fat Albert is a C-130J model- and the youngest aircraft on the roster.

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Official US Navy photograph

Other aircraft flown by the Blue Angels have included a North American SNJ (T-6) Texan to simulate opposing enemy aircraft during the 1940s and a Lockheed TV-2 (T-33) Shooting Star used during the 1950s as a VIP transport. Perhaps the least likely of all Blues aircraft were two Vought F7U Cutlasses which were briefly intended to be used as demonstration aircraft while the team was flying F9F-5s.

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Official US Navy photograph

How many different aircraft have you seen the Blue Angels fly? The author has seen them fly Tigers, Phantoms, Skyhawks, and Hornets. Comment on our page and share your experience!

Ride Report: Soaring on the Wings of a Falcon with Air Force Thunderbirds

Climbing aboard a sleek Air Force fighter jet and launching into the deep blue sky can make one either grin or become ill — for this aerospace journalist punching that sky in an aerobatic jet was an incredible feeling.

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To soar with the U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds was a dream come true as I welcomed the chance to chase the sound barrier and pull nearly 8G’s in a Lockheed Martin-built F-16D Fighting Falcon. The Air Force Air Demonstration Squadron will celebrate their 64th year in 2017, including their 34th year performing with the front-line fighter, the F-16.

The Thunderbirds are known as America’s Ambassadors in Blue and they live up to the title inspiring young men and women across the country to reach for their goals in education and technical training by serving in the Air Force. They perform to support recruitment in the Air Force; to represent the U.S. armed forces to the nations across the globe; and give American citizens a self fulfilled confidence in their military.

 

In his third year with the team, Thunderbird 8 is Major Michael Fisher, a native of Vancouver, Washington. He has logged 432 combat hours in the F-16 and over 2000 hours as a pilot. During the 2014 season, he served as the Thunderbirds’ air show narrator announcing the aerobatic demos as the teams soars over the crowds.

My flight day began at dawn at Dobbins Air Reserve Base located northwest of metro Atlanta. Dobbins is home to the Airmen of the 94th Air Wing division and supports military operations such as aircraft fueling and logistics. On this cool October morning, Dobbins is where my jet stood poised for flight.

The Thunderbirds support staff assisted me as I received a final preflight medical check by the team’s flight surgeon Major Michael “Doc” Carletti, and tried on my flight uniform and partial pressure G-Suit. I’ll be counting on the G-Suit to keep the blood flow in my upper body toward my heart and brain. The team checked my flight helmet for comfort and I was ready to fly.

 

The Thunderbirds fly with the newer F-16C/D which support the lighter Block 52 Pratt and Whitney F-100 engine providing an additional 3,600 pounds of thrust over the previous version. The nearly fifty foot long aircraft has a wingspan of 31 feet across and a thrust of up to 29,100 pounds. The pilots call the F-16 a rocket.

Major Fisher gave me a final briefing on what to expect preflight thru landing. Touch this and do not touch this in the cockpit rules were given and I hurriedly took it all in as he spoke with comfort. This Air Force team was superb as they both educated and relaxed me as launch time neared.

Fisher and I walked out to our aircraft, Thunderbird 8, which was parked next to the six flight demonstration F-16C’s. As I approached the red, white and blue high gloss painted aircraft, I looked up at the opened glass canopy and read Major Fisher’s name identifying his aircraft. A grin then ran across my face as my eyes laid witness to a second name next to Fisher’s below where the canopy closes shut. It read “Charles Atkeison”.tb2

After pausing to reflect on my black stenciled name, Fisher and I greeted the aircraft’s support team with a firm handshake for each, and I then began to climb the ten foot tall blue slender ladder hung from the edge of the jet’s cockpit to ingress my seat. The seat supports a multi-point harness and can be used as an ejection seat if an in flight emergency arises.

Major Fisher ascended the ladder and pointed out my cockpit displays, including my oxygen settings, the safe and arm device for my ejection seat and the fact that this flight included drinkable water in a bottle.

I inserted ear plugs followed by donning my flight helmet which sports the letters “USAF” in white. My oxygen mask was next and I placed it over my nose and mouth and locked it’s strap to my helmet. A long grey hose extended down to the life-support controls on my starboard side.

Fisher’s Air Force pilot call sign is “Drago”, and prior to joining the Thunderbirds he served as an F-16 flight instructor. My flight was in good hands.

Five minutes to go, and I was comfortable in the cockpit breathing at 95% oxygen flow through my mask as we sat poised for flight. It was white knuckle time as I awaited a go from flight control. Air control between Dobbins ARB and Atlanta’s Hartsfield-Jackson Airport gave Drago the “go” for departure and approval for steep ascent. Seconds later, our Fighting Falcon began moving toward take-off velocity.

At 10:27 a.m. EDT, our F-16D was wheels up from Runway 29 and we flew low and level for ten seconds as we neared 400 knots (460 m.p.h.), Drago exclaimed over his headset mic, “Ready to go?”. And I replied, “Rock and roll, Thunderbirds are go!”tb1

Lift-off! Major Fisher and I were pointed nose up, and in a rush with an acceleration of five times earth’s gravity, we were launching into that deep blue sky. I radioed back, “Alllright!”. Straight up we climbed for twelve seconds before performing a 360-degree roll to place us wings level nearly at 7,050 feet above. Our flight was on a northeasterly heading aimed toward our “flight box” over Snowbird MOA, an imaginary region where we would perform intense aerobatics devoid of other aircraft.

As I soared on the wings of a Falcon, I looked around at the earth below me. A cockpit alarm sounded and I turned to focus on the displays as we thundered across northwestern Georgia.

We began our aerobatics with the Clover Loop and right into a 5G-pull. Drago stated that the flight maneuvers we would be performing are the same in which the T-Bird solos fly during an air show. The only difference is the solos will be 150 feet above the airfield while our flight soared between 15,000 to 17,600 feet high.

“Pretty insane, isn’t it… number 5 is doing that 150 to 200 feet above the ground,” Major Fisher exclaimed following an inverted flat pass. “Pretty amazing. Lots of precision, lots of concentration.”

During a Thunderbirds air show, it is the job of the two solos to give the crowds a true demonstration of the handling characteristics of the F-16. Lead Solo is #5 Major Blaine Jones and he is accompanied by #6 Major Jason Curtis, and they will excite an air show crowd every time as they speed low over the runway and perform a split maneuver which will make you wonder how do they do that?

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Lead by Thunderbird 1 “Boss” Lt. Col. Greg Mosely, the team’s diamond formation includes Major Joshua Boudreaux, Major Caroline Jensen and Major Curtis Dougherty. The diamond team trades performances with the solos during their forty minute show.

As Major Fisher and I began a nearly 7G maneuver high over the Smokey Mountains, I could again feel my G-suit inflate several bladders with air to help push the blood back up into my upper torso. And, with every turn and vertical motion we flew, I never felt uneasy and my stomach never twitched.

As we performed one of several inverted maneuvers, Fisher pointed out the beauty of the autumn leaves as he held us upside down 17,500 feet above eastern Tennessee for twenty seconds. During that brief time, I reflected on the landscape and cloud cover from my personal cupola high above.

The negative 1G of wings level inverted flight grew to be my favorite maneuver while we were aloft. The knife edge maneuver gave us the sensation of weightlessness as Drago rolled the F-16 on it’s left side as we flew at a high rate of speed. We next touched the speed of sound as our majestic aircraft darted up to 575 m.p.h.

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The F-16 remains a front line fighter around the globe with Airmen performing bombing runs during a time in need. Drago wanted to show me the handling of the F-16 and so we maneuvered into a simulated bombing run.

“This is something we would do in a close air support scenario over a low air or surface threat environment. We can orbit around a target,” Drago began. “Once we have our eyes on the target, and we are ready, we would begin to roll in on the target and we get clearance to deploy a weapon.” We then executed a 45-degree pass as we simulated the maneuver, “weapons away,” Drago announced.

We concluded the late morning flight with a main gear touchdown upon the same runway at Dobbins exactly 61 minutes after we last touched the earth. Drago then slowly lowered the nose gear and we rolled out several thousand feet as we expended the aircraft’s energy. A perfect ending to an incredible flight.

I learned more about what the hundreds of thousands of men and women of our United States military, and especially the Air Force, do each day. They live and work far away from home to perform a job they are good at as they defend and preserve our freedoms.

The Thunderbirds’ crews from Nellis AFB near Las Vegas and the 94th Air Wing Division near Atlanta are great examples of how our military’s Air Force is a well oiled machine demonstrating professionalism, both on the front lines across the globe and in our own communities with emergency assistance.

(Charles Atkeison reports on aerospace and technology. Follow his live updates on social media via @Military_Flight.)

Don’t be fooled — 10 Reasons Why Circular Runways Are a Bad Idea

A BBC News video on circular runways has been making the rounds lately on social media.  The video has almost 30 million views! The concept of a circular runway is pretty unique.  In order to save space and reduce delays, an airport should consider other designs.  An EU-funded researcher proposes that airports should ditch the concept of runways and instead build one long circular track where multiple aircraft could land simultaneously on different parts of the track. Pilots love innovation, especially in an industry like aviation where the necessity for near absolute safety can sometimes trump progress.

To the uninitiated, the idea makes sense.  The ‘revolutionary’ design supposedly increases traffic flow, distributes noise more fairly, and isn’t that uncomfortable for passengers.  Sounds great, right?

Not really. This idea is as dumb as a football bat. What’s even more disappointing is that the BBC reporter barely knows enough about aviation to challenge this ‘expert’.  A ’news’ story like this one should be downright embarrassing for a major worldwide-news network. Here are 10 reasons why the concept of circular runways are not only impractical, but downright stupid:

1.) Banked Runways mean Higher approach speeds

circular runwaysA banked runway means that an aircraft would have to fly its final approach with a slight bank.  An aircraft’s stall speed increases with any bank.  Therefore every airliner approaching this new type of field would have to fly faster.  This increases landing distances and thus wear and tear on brakes and tires.

2.) That headwind turns into a crosswind and maybe even a tailwind.

A circular runway’s big sell is that you’ll land with a headwind.  However, that also means that the wind’s vector will change on arrival or departure roll (takeoff). That’s not a big deal on a calm spring day but imagine the challenge during a gusty summertime storm. It’s much easier to keep a jet going straight than to try to keep a jet at an exact bank angle (that isn’t straight and level) during gusty winds. Now try making corrections on a landing while trying to make a gentle right turn too. It’s dangerous.crosswindlanding

3.) Poor visibility and winds will equal disaster

Gusty winds and poor visibility would make this ‘innovative’ idea a disaster waiting to happen. As a pilot, I’ve only flown CAT II approaches to minimums. At 100 feet, you have just a split second to determine if the lights you see through fog is a McDonald’s sign or the approach lights on a runway. If it is a runway, you have about 3-5 seconds to sure you line up correctly to a very straight runway. I couldn’t imagine the difficulty of adding a curved runway in that situation. Add in a CAT III style approach (near zero visibility and ceiling) and it would be damn near impossible.  It would be like driving a NASCAR around a track at 150 mph in zero visibility!

4.) Where do you put runway equipment and how do you mark this new runway?

runwaymarkingWith the limited exception of some types of GPS approaches, all precision approaches require ground sensors and stations to provide vertical and lateral guidance. This equipment is expensive and sensitive. It’s expensive enough that you couldn’t put an infinite amount of localizer sensors on a field to create the infinite runways that the innovator describes. Even if you could do it or standardize the signals to place one in one every quadrant, you’d still have planes from other departure quadrants interrupting the line of sight position feedback to arriving jets. That’s a big no-no in aviation where safety is paramount.

Even worse, airports would require completely new runway markings and naming convention for a circular runway. This isn’t a small challenge. You not only have to come up with a new system, you then have to train every pilot on something as basic as runway markings.

5.) Your captain would become a student pilot again

Changes that force pilots to learn new skills in aviation are pretty common. What is unprecedented though is a change that is so fundamental as how to land a plane. This would require massive, massive retraining in procedures, intense expenditures for flight training, and new types of instrumentation inside and outside the cockpit. This change is equivalent to forcing a heart surgeon to use chopsticks and a butter knife to do a heart transplant. Circular runways would challenge every known procedure and (at least temporarily) take aviation experience and safety back to the 1930s.

6.) Land and Hold Short Procedures are Inherently More Risky Than Full Length Runways

One circular runway would require multiple airplanes to be on the same runway at the same time. With the exception of military aircraft, the closest civilian procedure that we have today is called LAHSO. This means that aircraft are arriving and departing on intersecting runways. While LAHSO procedures are fairly common, each LAHSO means that a pilot accepts and increased risk that an aircraft will land and continue beyond a hold short point.

7.) Engine scrapes will be much more common

Most airliners these days have wing mounted engines. On a 737, a bank angle of greater than 15 degrees could result in a nacelle strike. That is on a flat runway. A banked, circular runway means that the outward facing wing will have even less margin before a strike during a sudden wind shift. Strikes can damage engines. A severe strike could sheer off the engine and threaten controlled flight.

8.) Ice and rain make landings more difficult…Turning on an icy runway? Not going to turn out well.

Have you ever driven on a slippery or icy highway? Planes are basically big tri-cycles on the ground. At takeoff, planes can speed up to 170mph. It’s much safer to go those speeds while moving in a straight line. Large airliners have been known to slip onto the grass at taxi speeds while turning during poor weather. A gradual turn on a degraded runway surface at approach or takeoff speeds could be very dangerous.

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Delta 1086 (Photo by Leonard J. DeFrancisci)

9.) A rejected takeoff would now be even more dangerous

If an aircraft loses an engine on takeoff, the pilot makes a split second decision to continue the takeoff or stop and apply max braking. Max braking means that the pilot uses his/her toes to apply maximum pressure to stop the jet going straight ahead. With a circular runway, max braking would either be prohibitive due to the need to directionally steer (using differential braking and rudder pedals) or the crew would have to accept that they would stop straight ahead and they are likely to depart the runway. Either way, it’s bad news for the plane and its passengers.  If you add in a loss of hydraulic pressure (required for most large aircraft steering systems), you’ll definitely go off the edge of a circular runway.

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10.) Sheared landing gear

Turning at high speeds creates shearing forces on the landing gear. Damage is more likely to happen when landing (on a flat runway) in crosswind conditions. The loading forces when landing on a banked runway in a crosswind are much higher.  Gear aren’t nearly as strong in a side-load.

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Bottom line?  If circular runways become a reality then I’m taking a bus or a boat.

The Distinctive C-5A’s Whine Will Cease This Year…Forever

And then there were four…

On March 16th, 2017, a C-5A came to life for the last time. Tail number 70-0456 took off from Westover Air Reserve Base.  Its destination was Davis Monthan Air Force Base’s AMARC…aka “The Boneyard”.

The C-5A first flew in 1969. While it holds the title as the largest airlifter ever in the US Air Force’s fleet, its lack of reliability has hurt its reputation through the years. The program suffered a number of issues from cost overruns to cracks to difficult maintenance requirements.  The jet earned the unofficial nickname FRED

Eventually the decision was made to mothball half the fleet and upgrade the remaining aircraft to the M-series more commonly known as the “Super Galaxy”.  The C-5M has ‘new’ CF-6 engines along with a number of system improvements meant to reduce maintenance requirements. A total of 56 C-5M’s will continue in service while all of the remaining ‘classic’ C-5s will be retired.

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U.S. Air Force photos by MSgt Andrew Biscoe
Today there are just four remaining C-5A Galaxy aircraft.  They all reside at Westover ARB.  Three more are scheduled to be retired by October of 2017.  The other C-5A will be flown to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base to be put on display at the US Air Force Museum.

Video of tail number 70-0456’s arrival at David Monthan AFB can be seen below:

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